Tabhoo 1

Ivhavha yakaiswa zvisizvo.

Semuenzaniso, mvura (steam) inoyerera nzira yevhavha yekumisa kana cheki vharafu inopesana nechiratidzo, uye tsinde yevharuvhu yakaiswa pasi.Iyo horizontally yakaiswa cheki valve inoiswa vertically.Mubato wevharuvhu yegedhi rinokwira kana butterfly harina nzvimbo yekuvhura nekuvhara.Iyo hunde yevhavha yakavanzwa yakaiswa.Kwete kuenda kumusuwo wekuongorora.

Mhedzisiro: Ivhavha inotadza, switch inonetsa kugadzirisa, uye hunde yevharuvhu inonongedza pasi, kazhinji ichikonzera kubuda kwemvura.

Zviyero: Isa zvakasimba maererano nemirairo yekuisa valve.Forkusimuka-dzinde gedhi mavharuvhu, siya yakakwana vharafu hunde kuwedzera kuvhura kureba.Forbutterfly valves, nyatsofunga nezvemubato wekutenderera nzvimbo.Madzinde evharuvhu akasiyana haagone kudzika pane yakachinjika, ndoda kudzika.Mavharuvhu akavigwa haafanire kunge akashongedzerwa chete negonhi rekuongorora rinosangana nevhavha yekuvhura nekuvhara zvinodiwa, asiwo tsinde yevharuvhu inofanira kunge yakatarisana nemusuwo wekuongorora.

Tabho 2

Izvo zvinotsanangurwa uye mhando dzemavharuvhu akaiswa hazvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

Semuenzaniso, kudzvinyirirwa kwezita revhavha ishoma pane system test pressure;mavharuvhu emagedhi anoshandiswa kana dhayamita yepombi yepombi yebazi rekupa mvura isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm;mavharuvhu ekumisa anoshandiswa kune yakaoma uye standpipe mapaipi ekudziya kwemvura inopisa;butterfly mavharuvhu anoshandiswa pamoto mvura pombi kusveta pombi.

Mhedzisiro: Kukanganisa kuvhurika kwakajairwa nekuvhara kwevhavha uye kudzora kuramba, kumanikidza uye mamwe mabasa.Inogona kutokonzera kuti valve ikuvadzwe uye inofanira kugadziriswa apo hurongwa huri kushanda.

Matanho: Ziva nezve mashandisirwo emhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu, uye sarudza mavharuvhu uye modhi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Iyo yekumanikidza yezita revhavha inofanirwa kusangana neiyo system test pressure zvinodiwa.Maererano nezvinodiwa zvekuvakwa kwekuvaka: kana dhayamita yepombi yebazi rekupa mvura isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm, valve yekumisa inofanira kushandiswa;apo dhayamita yepombi yakakura kudarika 50mm, gedhi revhavha rinofanira kushandiswa.Mavharuvhu egedhi anofanirwa kushandiswa pakudziya kwemvura inopisa yakaoma uye yakatwasuka kudzora mavharuvhu, uye mavharuvhu eshavishavi haafanire kushandiswa pamoto pombi yekudhonza pombi.

Tabhoo 3

Kutadza kuita zvinodiwa zvemhando yekuongorora sezvinodiwa pamberi pekuisa valve.

Mhedzisiro: Panguva yekushanda kwehurongwa, mavharuvhu anochinja haachinjiki, akavharwa zvakasimba uye mvura (steam) inodonha inoitika, zvichikonzera kudzoreredza uye kugadzirisa, uye kunyange kukanganisa yakajairika mvura yekupihwa (steam).

Matanho: Usati waisa vharuvhu, simba rekumanikidza uye kusimba bvunzo kunofanirwa kuitwa.Muedzo unofanirwa kutarisa zvisina tsarukano 10% yebhechi yega yega (mhando imwechete, kutsanangurwa kwakafanana, modhi yakafanana), uye isingasviki imwe.Kune mavharuvhu akavharwa akaiswa pamapombi makuru ane basa rekucheka, simba uye kumisikidza miedzo inofanira kuitwa imwe neimwe.Simba revharuvhu uye kusimba kwekuedza kumanikidza kunofanirwa kuenderana ne "Construction Quality Acceptance Code yeKuvaka Mvura, Drainage uye Heating Projects" (GB 50242-2002).

Tabho 4

Zvishandiso zvikuru, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka zvinoshaya magwaro ehunyanzvi ekuyeresa kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvinoenderana neazvino nyika kana makurukota.

Migumisiro: Unhu hwepurojekiti hauna kukodzera, kune njodzi dzakavanzika dzetsaona, haigoni kuendeswa nenguva, uye inofanira kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa;zvichikonzera kunonoka munguva yekuvaka uye kuwedzera kwekudyara kwevashandi uye zvinhu.

Matanho: Zvishandiso zvikuru, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugovera mvura, kudhiraivha uye kudziyisa uye hutsanana mapurojekiti anofanirwa kunge aine magwaro ehunyanzvi ehunyanzvi hwekuongorora kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvinoteerana nezviyero zvazvino zvakapihwa nehurumende kana bazi;mazita echigadzirwa chavo, mamodheru, zvakatemwa, uye mamiriro emhando yenyika anofanira kucherechedzwa.Nhamba yekodhi, zuva rekugadzira, zita remugadziri nenzvimbo, chitupa chekuongorora chigadzirwa chefekitari kana nhamba yekodhi.

Tabho 5

Valve flip-up

MigumisiroTarisa mavharuvhu, throttle mavharuvhu, kumanikidza kuderedza mavharuvhu, tarisa mavharuvhuuye mamwe mavharuvhu ose akananga.Kana yakaiswa kumusoro, iyo throttle valve inokanganisa kushandiswa kwekushandisa uye hupenyu;iyo yekumanikidza yekudzikisa vharafu haizoshande zvachose, uye cheki valve haishande zvachose.Zvinogona kuva nengozi.

Zviyero: Kazhinji, mavharuvhu ane mavara ekutungamira pamutumbi wevharuvhu;kana zvisina kudaro, dzinofanirwa kunyatsozivikanwa zvichibva pamusimboti wekushanda wevhavha.Ivhavhavhavha yevharuvhu yekumira haina asymmetrical kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, uye mvura inofanira kupfuura nepachiteshi chevhavha kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro.Nenzira iyi, kupikisa kwemvura kudiki (kunotemwa nechimiro), uye inochengetedza basa kuvhura (nekuti kudzvanywa kwepakati kuri kumusoro).Mushure mekuvhara, iyo yepakati haina kudzvanya kurongedza, izvo zviri nyore kugadzirisa..Ichi ndicho chikonzero valve yekumira haigoni kuiswa zvakadzokera shure.Usaise vharafu yegedhi yakatarisa pasi (kureva, nevhiri reruoko rakatarisa pasi), kana zvisina kudaro iyo yepakati icharamba iri munzvimbo yevhavhavha yevhavha kwenguva yakareba, iyo inoshatisa nyore nyore hunde yevharuvhu, uye inopikiswa nezvimwe zvinodiwa maitiro. .Izvo zvakanyanya kusagadzikana kutsiva kurongedza panguva imwe chete.Usaise mavharuvhu egedhi anokwira pasi pevhu, zvikasadaro dzinde rakafumurwa richasvibiswa nehunyoro.Paunenge uchiisa cheki cheki cheki, iva nechokwadi chokuti dhisiki yevhavha yayo yakamira kuitira kuti igone kusimudza zvishoma.Paunenge uchiisa swing cheki vharafu, ita shuwa kuti pini yayo iri nhanho kuitira kuti ikwanise kusvetuka-svetuka.Ivhavha yekuderedza kumanikidza inofanira kuiswa yakatwasuka papombi yakachinjika uye haifanirwe kurerekera kune chero nzira.

Tabho 6

Manual valve inovhura uye inovhara nesimba rakawandisa

Migumisiro: Ivhavha inogona kukuvadzwa zvishoma, kana njodzi yekuchengeteka inogona kuitika zvakanyanya.

Matanho: Ivhavhavha yemanyorero, vhiri reruoko kana mubato, rakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neakajairika manpower, achifunga nezvesimba rekuisa chisimbiso uye inodiwa yekuvhara simba.Nokudaro, marefu marefu kana marefu marefu haagone kushandiswa kufambisa bhodhi.Vamwe vanhu vakajaira kushandisa wrenches, saka vanofanirwa kungwarira kuti vasashandise simba rakawandisa, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kukuvadza nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso kana kutyora vhiri reruoko kana mubato.Kuti uvhure uye uvhare valve, simba rinofanira kunge rakadzikama uye risina kukanganisa.Zvimwe zvikamu zve-high-pressure valves zvinokanganisa kuvhura nekuvhara zvakafunga kuti simba rekuita iri haringaenzane neremavharuvhu akajairwa.Kune mavharuvhu emhepo, anofanirwa kuve akapiswa uye mvura yakanyungudutswa inofanira kubviswa isati yavhurwa.Pakuvhura, dzinofanira kuvhurwa zvishoma nezvishoma sezvinobvira kudzivirira sando yemvura.Kana vharuvhu yanyatsovhurika, vhiri remaoko rinofanirwa kutenderedzwa zvishoma kuti tambo dzive dzakasimba kudzivirira kusunungura uye kukuvara.Pamavharuvhu edzinde anosimuka, rangarira nzvimbo yevharuvhu kana yakavhurika zvakazara uye yakavharwa zvakazara kudzivirira kurova pamusoro penzvimbo yakafa kana yakavhurika zvakazara.Uye zviri nyore kutarisa kana zvakajairika kana yakavharwa zvizere.Kana hunde yevharuvhu ikadonha, kana marara makuru akaiswa pakati pevharuvhu core seals, nzvimbo yevharuvhu inoshanduka kana yakavharwa zvakazara.Apo pombi inotanga kushandiswa, kune tsvina yakawanda mukati.Iwe unogona kuvhura vharafu zvishoma, shandisa kuyerera kwepamusoro-kumhanya kwepakati kuti uisuke, uye wozoivhara zvinyoro-nyoro (usavhare nekukasira kana kuirova kuti udzivise kusvibiswa kwakasara kubva pakupinza chisimbiso chepamusoro).Batidza zvakare, dzokorora izvi kakawanda, suka tsvina, wozodzokera kubasa rakajairika.Kune mavharuvhu anowanzo kuvhurika, panogona kunge paine tsvina yakanamira panzvimbo yekuvharisa.Paunenge uchivhara, shandisa nzira iri pamusoro kuichenesa, uye wobva waivhara zviri pamutemo.Kana vhiri reruoko kana mubato wakakuvadzwa kana kurasika, unofanirwa kutsiviwa nekukasira.Usashandise chipanera chekuchinjisa kuchitsiva, kuitira kuti udzivise kukanganisa kumativi mana ehunde yevharuvhu, kutadza kuvhura nekuvhara zvakanaka, uye kunyangwe tsaona mukugadzirwa.Mimwe midhiya inotonhora pasi mushure mekuvharwa kwevhavha, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvevhavha zvidere.Mushandi anofanirwa kuivhara zvakare panguva yakakodzera kuti asasiye slits pane yekuisa chisimbiso.Zvikasadaro, iyo yepakati inoyerera nepakati pema slits nekumhanya kukuru uye inobvisa zviri nyore nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso..Panguva yekushanda, kana iwe ukaona kuti kuvhiyiwa kwakanyanya kunetsa, unofanirwa kuongorora zvikonzero.Kana kurongedza kwakanyanyisa, sunungura zvakakodzera.Kana dzinde revharuvhu rakamonyoroka, zivisa vashandi kuti vagadzirise.Apo mamwe mavharuvhu ari munzvimbo yakavharwa, zvikamu zvekuvhara zvinopisa uye zvinowedzera, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuzarura;kana ichifanira kuvhurwa panguva ino, sunungura tambo yevhavha yevhavha hafu yekutendeuka kune imwe kutendeuka kuti ubvise kushushikana pahunde yevharuvhu, uye wozoshandura vhiri reruoko.

Tabho 7

Kuiswa kusina kunaka kwemavharuvhu emamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro

Consequences: kukonzera tsaona dzekuvuza

Zviyero: Mavharuvhu ekupisa ari pamusoro pe200 ° C ari pane tembiricha yakajairika kana akaiswa, asi mushure mekushandiswa kwakajairika, tembiricha inokwira, mabhaudhi anowedzera nekuda kwekupisa, uye mapundu anowedzera, saka anofanira kusimbiswa zvakare, iyo inonzi "kupisa. kusimbisa”.Vashandi vanofanirwa kutarisisa basa iri, zvikasadaro kuvuza kunogona kuitika nyore.

Tabho 8

Kutadza kuburitsa mvura nenguva kuchitonhora

Zviyero: Kana mamiriro okunze achitonhora uye valve yemvura yakavharwa kwenguva yakareba, mvura yakaunganidzwa kuseri kwevhavha inofanira kubviswa.Mushure mokunge vheji yemhepo inomira mhepo, mvura yakanyungudutswa inofanirawo kubviswa.Pane plug pasi pevhavha, iyo inogona kuvhurwa kuti ibudise mvura.

Tabho 9

Isiri-metallic valve, kuvhura nekuvhara simba rakakura zvakanyanya

Zviyero: Mamwe mavharuvhu asina-simbi akaoma uye akaputsika, uye mamwe ane simba rakaderera.Paunenge uchishanda, simba rekuvhura uye rekuvhara harifaniri kunge rakakura, kunyanya kwete nesimba.Uyewo chenjerera kudzivirira kudhumhana nezvinhu.

Taboo 10

Iyo itsva valve packing yakanyanya kusimba

Zviyero: Paunenge uchishandisa vheji nyowani, usadzvanya kurongedza zvakanyanya kuti udzivise kubuda, kuitira kuti udzivise kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya pahunde yevharuvhu, kukurumidza kupera, uye kunetsa pakuvhura nekuvhara.Hunhu hwekuiswa kwevharuvhu hunobata zvakananga kushandiswa kwayo, saka kunyatsotarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kutungamira uye chinzvimbo chevhavha, mashandiro ekuvaka mavharuvhu, zvivako zvekudzivirira valve, bypass uye instrumentation, uye valve packing replacement.