Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, mitengo yekutakura mubhokisi repasi rosemarketvakaramba vachikwira, izvo zvave nemhedzisiro yakakura pane zvepasirese Logistics, zvekufambisa uyetrade.

Kubva mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, China yekutakura midziyo yekutakura zvinhu kunze kwenyika yasvika 3,079 mapoinzi, kuwedzera kwe240.1% panguva imwe cheteyo muna 2020, uye yakapetwa kaviri yenhoroondo yakakwirira ye1,336 mapoinzi isati yasvika kutenderera kwekuwedzera.

Uku kutenderera kwemutengo kunowedzera kunosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda. Gore ra2020 risati rasvika, kuwedzera kwemitengo mumusika wemidziyo kwainyanya kunyudzwa mune dzimwe nzira uye dzimwe nguva, asi kutenderera uku kwakawedzera. Mitengo yekutakura mikuru senzira yeEurope, nzira yekuAmerica, nzira yeJapan-South Korea, nzira yeSoutheast Asia, uye nzira yeMediterranean yakawedzera ne410.5 zvakateerana zvichienzaniswa nekupera kwa2019. %, 198.2%, 39.1%, 89.7% uye 396.7%.

"Zvisingaonekwi" mutengo wekutakura unowedzera

Nezvekuwedzera kuri kuita musika wepasi rose wekutakura midziyo, Jia Dashan, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weWater Transport Research Institute yeBazi rezvekutakurwa, anga achiita tsvakiridzo yeindasitiri kwemakore akawanda, akachemawo "zvisingaonekwe".

Jia Dashan akataura kuti kubva pakuona kwekudiwa, hupfumi hwepasi rose hwakaramba huchidzikama kubva pakutanga kwegore rino, uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzese kwakakurumidza kutangazve kukura. Zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete muna 2019, kudiwa kwekutakura kwemidziyo kwakawedzera ne6%. Mamiriro ezvinhu muChina ari nani. Kutanga kubva munaChikumi 2020, kugadzira uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakawana kukura kunoramba kuripo.

Kubva pamaonero ekupa, kushanda kwezvikepe zvakakanganiswa nedenda kwakaderera zvakanyanya. Nyika dzakawedzera kudzivirira uye kutonga kwedenda dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kumachiteshi, dzakarebesa nguva yekumisikidzwa kwengarava mumachiteshi, uye dzakaderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yekugovera midziyo. Avhareji yenguva yezvikepe zvinomira pachiteshi yakawedzera nemazuva maviri, uye zvikepe zveNorth America zviteshi zvakagara pachiteshi kwemazuva anopfuura 8. Kudzikira kwemari kwave kutyora chiyero chekutanga. Kuenzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu apo iyo yekutanga chiyero chekugovera uye kudiwa muna 2019 yaive yakawedzera zvishoma, pane kushomeka kwesupplyinenge 10%.

Kushaikwa kunoramba kuripo kwevashandi vevashandi kwawedzerawo kushomeka. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara edenda munyika huru dzevafambisi vegungwa sePhilippine neIndia, pamwe chete nekuchinja kwevashandi uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, zvakonzera kuwedzera kunoramba kuchikwira kwemitengo yevashandi mumusika wemugungwa.

Kuvhiringwa nezvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa, hukama hwakajairika pakati pekupihwa kwemusika uye kudiwa kwakurumidza kudzoreredzwa, uye mitengo yekutakura midziyo yakaramba ichikwira zvakanyanya.

Nhamba dzakabva kuUnited Nations Trade and Development Council, China Customs and ports dzinoratidza kuti kubva kusati kwatanga denda kusvika Chikunguru gore rino, chikamu chinodarika 80% chezvekutengeserana pasi rose chakapedzwa negungwa, ukuwo chikamu chekutengeswa kwekunze neChina kunze kwenyika negungwa chakabva mudenda iri. Iyo yapfuura 94.3% yakawedzera kusvika ikozvino 94.8%.

"Maererano netsvagiridzo yakakodzera, mukutengeserana kweChina nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvine kodzero dzekutumira zvinodzorwa nemabhizinesi epamba zvinosvika pasi pe30%. Chikamu ichi chemabhizinesi chichakanganiswa nekudzikira kwemitengo, nepo mamwe makambani mazhinji asingakanganisike nekudonha kwemitengo." Jia Dashan akaongorora. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuwedzera kwemutengo kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura kunotanga kupfuudzwa kune vatengi vekunze, uye kukanganisa kwakananga kumabhizinesi eChinese kudiki.

Nekudaro, semutengo wakakosha wezvinhu, kuwedzera kwemitengo yekutakura kuchave nekukanganisa kukuru kumabhizinesi eChinese, kunyanya kuratidzwa mukudzikira kwemasevhisi ekufambisa. Nekuda kwekuderera kwechiyero chekubhururuka kwendege uye nzvimbo yakamanikana, kutenderera kwekutengesa kwemabhizinesi eChina ekutengesa kunze kwenyika hakuna kutsetseka. Kunyangwe kana maodha akagadzirwa zvinobudirira, kuendesa kunozokanganiswa nekutadza kwekufambisa, izvo zvinokanganisa kurongeka kwekambani uye kuronga kwekugadzira.

"Mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati achanyanya kukanganiswa." Jia Dashan anotenda kuti nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvibvumirano zvenguva refu, mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati anonyanya kutsvaga mabasa ekufambisa mumusika wenzvimbo. Zvichienderana nemasimba ekutengeserana uye vimbiso dzekugona, vanotarisana nekuwedzera kwazvino kwemitengo yekutakura. Dambudziko re "bhokisi rakaoma kuwana, uye kabhini yakaoma kuwana". Pamusoro pezvo, madhipatimendi edhipatimendi repanyika uye emasangano ezvekufambisa emukati anozowedzerawo mari yekuwedzera kutakura zvinhu uye mari yekuchengetedza nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemitengo uye kuderera kwekufamba nendege.

Kuwedzera simba kwakaoma kurapa

Zvinoenderana nedhata kubva kumaritime market research institution, huwandu hwepasirese husina basa hwengarava dzemidziyo hwadzika kusvika pasi pe1%. Kunze kwezvikepe zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa, zvinenge zvese zvekukwanisa zvakaiswa pamusika. Varidzi vezvikepe vazhinji vatanga kuwedzera chiyero chekugona kurongeka, asi chinhambwe chakareba hachikwanise kugutsa nyota iri pedyo. Vafambisi vachiri kutaura kuti huwandu huchiri hwakasimba uye zvakaoma kuwana imwe kabhini.

Zhu Pengzhou, inhengo yeShanghai Shipping Exchange, akataura kuti cheni yekugovera inonzi cheni nekuti iyo yepamusoro muganho wekugona kweketani yese inowanzo kukanganiswa neiyo pfupi-bhodhi maitiro. Semuyenzaniso, kudzikira kwekuita basa, kushomeka kwevatyairi vemarori, uye nekusakwana kwekumhanya kwekuburutsa nekudzorera midziyo mumafekitari zvese zvinokonzeresa. Makambani eLiner achingowedzera huwandu hwekutakura kwengarava haakwanise kuvandudza huwandu hwese hweiyo logistics cheni.

Jia Dashan anobvumirana zvikuru. Panyaya yekuda, zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana muna 2019, kudiwa kwekutakura kwemidziyo kwakawedzera ne6%. Panyaya yehukuru, kugona kwakawedzera neinosvika 7.5% panguva imwe cheteyo. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kusawirirana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa hakusi nekuda kwekusakwana kugona. Kuwedzera kusingaenzaniswi kwekudiwa kwekutakura zvinhu kunokonzerwa nedenda, kuunganidza uye kugovera kwakashata, kuzara kwechiteshi, uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwengarava ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru.

Nekuda kweizvi, varidzi vezvikepe parizvino vachiri kungwarira nezvekudyara mukuvaka ngarava. Pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 2021, chikamu chekurongeka kwezvikepe chiripo chichawedzera kusvika ku21.3%, iyo yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura nhanho ye60% padanho rekupedzisira rekutumira muna 2007. Kunyangwe kana zvikepe izvi zvikaiswa pabasa 2024 isati yasvika, neavhareji yegore yekukura kwe3% uye avhareji yegore rega rega ye3%, hukama hwepakati hucharamba huchichinja uye hukama hwepakati hucharamba huchichinja. kuchengetedza mitengo yakakwirira yekutakura. level.

Iriini "zvakaoma kuwana kabhini" kuderedza

Kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura hakusi kungonakira makambani ekutengesa, asi kuchaunzawo njodzi huru uye kusagadzikana kumakambani ekutakura mukufamba kwenguva.

Iyo hofori yekutakura yepasirese CMA CGM yakaratidza pachena kuti kubva munaGunyana gore rino kusvika Kukadzi 2022, ichamira kukwira kwemitengo mumusika wenzvimbo. Hapag-Lloyd akataurawo kuti yatora matanho ekumisa huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu.

"Zvinotarisirwa kuti kupera kwa2021 kuchaunza danho repamusoro pemutengo wepamusoro mumusika, uye mutengo wekutakura uchapinda zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo yekudzokera shure. Chokwadi, kukanganisa kwekusavimbika kwenjodzi hakugone kurambwa." Zhang Yongfeng, chipangamazano mukuru weShanghai International Shipping Research Center uye director weInstitute of International Shipping Express.

"Kunyangwe hukama hwekupa uye hwekudiwa hukadzoreredzwa zvizere kusvika padanho ra2019, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutengo wezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakaoma kuti mutengo wekutakura udzokere padanho ra2016 kusvika 2019." Jia Dashan akadaro.

Tichifunga nezvemitengo yakakwira yekutakura zvinhu, varidzi vemitoro vanonyanya kuda kusaina zvibvumirano zvenguva refu zvekuvhara mitengo yekutakura, uye chikamu chezvibvumirano zvenguva refu mumusika chiri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mapazi ehurumende ari kushandawo nesimba. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti Bazi rezvekutakurwa, Ministry of Commerce nemamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera akaita mashandiro ekusimudzira maitirwo muzvinhu zvakawanda sekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemidziyo, kutungamira makambani e liner kuti awedzere huwandu, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ebasa rekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kweiyo nyika dzepasi rose maindasitiri chain supply chain.