Chisimbiso chevhavha

Kune marudzi akawanda emavharuvhu, asi basa ravo guru rakafanana, rinova rekubatanidza kana kucheka kuyerera kwezvinobudisa nhau. Nokudaro, dambudziko rekuvhara mavharuvhu rinova rakakurumbira zvikuru.

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti valve inogona kugura kuyerera kwepakati zvakanaka uye kudzivirira kubuda, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti chisimbiso chevhavha chakamira. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekudonha kwevhavha, kusanganisira kusanzwisisika kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa, kukanganisa kuvharidzirwa kwekusangana kwepamusoro, kusununguka kusungirirwa kwezvikamu, kusununguka kwakasununguka pakati pemuviri wevhavha uye chivharo chevhavha, etc. Zvose izvi zvinetso zvinogona kutungamirira kuvhavha isina kukodzera. Zvakanaka, saka kugadzira dambudziko rekudonha. Naizvozvo,teknolojia yekuvhara valvendiyo yakakosha tekinoroji ine chekuita nekuita kwevharuvhu uye mhando, uye inoda yakarongeka uye yakadzama tsvakurudzo.

Kubva pakusikwa kwemavharuvhu, tekinoroji yavo yekuisa chisimbiso yakawanawo kukura kukuru. Kusvika pari zvino, tekinoroji yekuisa chisimbiso yevharuvhu inonyanya kuratidzwa muzvinhu zviviri zvakakura, zvinoti static sealing uye chisimbiso chine simba.

Iyo inonzi static seal kazhinji inoreva chisimbiso pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakasimba. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso ye static chisimbiso inonyanya kushandisa gaskets.

Iyo inonzi dynamic seal inonyanya kurevakuiswa chisimbiso chevharuvhu, iyo inodzivirira svikiro riri muvharuvhu kubva pakudonha nekufamba kwetsinde yevharuvhu. Nzira huru yekuisa chisimbiso che dynamic seal ndeye kushandisa stuffing box.

1. Static chisimbiso

Kuisa chisimbiso kunoreva kuumbwa kwechisimbiso pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvakamira, uye nzira yekuisa chisimbiso inonyanya kushandisa gaskets. Kune marudzi akawanda emawachi. Mawacha anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira mawacha akafuratira, mawachi ane chimiro cheO, mawachi akaputirwa, mawachi ane chimiro chakasarudzika, mawachi ekugezesa nemaronda. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runogona kupatsanurwa zvakare maererano nemhando dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa.
①Flat washer. Mawachi eflat mawachi akafuratirwa anoiswa akafuratira pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvakamira. Kazhinji, zvinoenderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa, inogona kukamurwa kuita epurasitiki flat washers, rabha flat washers, simbi flat washers uye composite flat washers. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine mashandisirwo acho. range.
②O-ring. O-ring inoreva gasket rine muchinjiko wakaita O. Nekuda kwekuti chikamu chayo chemuchinjiko chakaita O-chakaumbwa, chine imwe yekuzvisimbisa, saka yekuisa chisimbiso iri nani pane iyo yeflat gasket.
③Batanidza washers. A wrapped gasket zvinoreva gasket rinoputira chimwe chinhu pane chimwe chinhu. Yakadaro gasket kazhinji ine elasticity yakanaka uye inogona kusimudzira yekuisa chisimbiso. ④Special-shaped washers. Special-shaped washers zvinoreva magaskets ane zvimiro zvisina kurongeka, anosanganisira oval washers, diamond washers, gear-type washers, dovetail-type washers, etc. Aya mawacha anowanzo kuve nekuzvisimbisa uye anonyanya kushandiswa mumavharuvhu epamusoro nepakati. .
⑤Wave washer. Wave gaskets magaskets ane chimiro chewave chete. Aya gaskets anowanzo kuumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi uye zvisiri zvesimbi. Ivo kazhinji vane hunhu hwesimba diki rekudzvanya uye yakanaka yekuisa chisimbiso.
⑥ Putira washer. Maronda gasket zvinoreva magaskets anoumbwa nekuputira simbi dzakatetepa uye dzisiri simbi dzakasimba pamwechete. Iyi mhando ye gasket ine yakanaka elasticity uye yekuisa chisimbiso zvinhu. Zvishandiso zvekugadzira gaskets zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira mapoka matatu, anoti simbi midziyo, isiri-simbi zvinhu uye composite zvinhu. Kazhinji kutaura, simbi zvinhu zvine simba rakawanda uye yakasimba tembiricha kuramba. Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira mhangura, aruminiyamu, simbi, etc. Kune marudzi akawanda ezvinyorwa zvisiri zvesimbi, kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, zvigadzirwa zverabha, zvigadzirwa zveasbestos, zvigadzirwa zvehemp, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kusarudzwa. maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kunewo marudzi akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa, zvinosanganisira laminates, composite panels, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinosarudzwa maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kazhinji, washers ane corrugated uye spiral maronda washers anonyanya kushandiswa.

2. Dynamic chisimbiso

Dynamic seal (Dynamic seal) zvinoreva chisimbiso chinodzivirira kuyerera kwepakati muvharuvhu kubva pakubuda nekufamba kwedzinde revharuvhu. Iri idambudziko rekuisa chisimbiso panguva yekufamba kwehama. Iyo huru yekuisa chisimbiso nzira ndeye stuffing bhokisi. Kune mhando mbiri dzekutanga dzekuisa mabhokisi: gland rudzi uye compression nati mhando. Mhando yegland ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa fomu parizvino. Kazhinji kutaura, maererano nechimiro chegland, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: yakasanganiswa mhando uye yakakosha mhando. Kunyangwe chimiro chega chega chakasiyana, ivo vanonyanya kusanganisira mabhaudhi ekumanikidza. Iyo compression nati mhando inowanzo shandiswa kune mavharuvhu madiki. Nekuda kwehukuru hudiki hwemhando iyi, simba rekumanikidza rinogumira.
Mubhokisi rekuputira, sezvo kurongedza kunosangana zvakananga nevhavha yehunde, kurongedza kunodiwa kuti kuve nekuiswa chisimbiso chakanaka, diki friction coefficient, kukwanisa kuenderana nekumanikidza uye tembiricha yepakati, uye kusaita corrosion. Parizvino, mafirita anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira rabha O-mhete, polytetrafluoroethylene yakarukwa kurongedza, asbestos kurongedza uye epurasitiki kuumba mafirita. Imwe neimwe yekuzadza ine yayo inoshanda mamiriro uye renji, uye inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kuisa chisimbiso kudzivirira kubuda, saka musimboti wekuvhara chisimbiso unodzidzwawo kubva pakuona kwekudzivirira kubuda. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinokonzera leakage. Chimwe ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chinokanganisa kuita kwekuisa chisimbiso, ndiko kuti, mukaha uri pakati pemaviri ekuisa chisimbiso, uye imwe ndiyo mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pemativi ese echisimbiso. Iyo valve yekuisa chisimbiso musimboti inoongororwawo kubva kuzvinhu zvina: kuvharika kwemvura, kuvhara gasi, leakage chiteshi chekuisa chisimbiso uye vharafu sealing pair.

Liquid tightness

Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso yezvinwiwa inotarwa neiyo viscosity uye pamusoro tension yemvura. Kana iyo capillary yevharuvhu inodonha yakazadzwa negasi, kushushikana kwepamusoro kunogona kudzoreredza mvura kana kuunza mvura mucapillary. Izvi zvinogadzira tangent angle. Kana iyo tangent angle iri pasi pe90 °, mvura inoiswa mukati mecapillary, uye kuvuza kuchaitika. Leakage inoitika nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvemidhiya. Miedzo uchishandisa midhiya yakasiyana ichapa mhinduro dzakasiyana pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Iwe unogona kushandisa mvura, mhepo kana parafini, nezvimwewo. Kana iyo tangent angle yakakura kupfuura 90 °, kuvuza kuchaitika zvakare. Nokuti ine chokuita negirizi kana wakisi firimu pamusoro simbi pamusoro. Kana aya mafirimu epamusoro anyungudutswa, zvimiro zvesimbi yepasi zvinoshanduka, uye mvura yakatanga kudzingwa inonyorovesa pamusoro uye kudonha. Tichitarisa mamiriro ari pamusoro, maererano nePoisson's formula, chinangwa chekudzivirira kudonha kana kuderedza kuwanda kwekudonha kunogona kuwanikwa nekudzikisa capillary dhayamita uye kuwedzera viscosity yepakati.

Gasi tightness

Zvinoenderana neformula yaPoisson, kusimba kwegasi kune hukama kune viscosity yemamorekuru egasi uye gasi. Kudonha kunopesana nekureba kwecapillary chubhu uye viscosity yegesi, uye yakananga yakaenzana nedhayamita yecapillary chubhu uye simba rekutyaira. Kana iyo dhayamita yecapillary chubhu yakafanana neavhareji dhigirii yerusununguko rwemamorekuru egasi, mamorekuru egasi anoyerera achipinda mucapillary chubhu ine yemahara thermal motion. Naizvozvo, kana isu tichiita bvunzo yekuisa chisimbiso chevhavha, iyo yepakati inofanira kunge iri mvura kuti iwane yekuisa chisimbiso, uye mweya, kureva, gasi, haugone kuzadzisa chisimbiso.

Kunyangwe tikadzikisa dhayamita yecapillary pazasi pemamorekuru egasi kuburikidza neplastic deformation, isu hatigone kumisa kuyerera kwegasi. Chikonzero ndechekuti magasi achiri kukwanisa kupararira nemadziro esimbi. Naizvozvo, kana tichiita bvunzo dzegasi, tinofanira kuomarara kupfuura bvunzo dzemvura.

Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso ye leakage channel

Chisimbiso chevharuvhu chine zvikamu zviviri: kusaenzana kunopararira pane wave pamusoro uye kushata kwewaviness iri chinhambwe pakati pemafungu epamusoro. Mune iyo nyaya iyo yakawanda yemidziyo yesimbi munyika yedu ine yakaderera elastic strain, kana tichida kuwana yakavharwa nyika, isu tinofanirwa kukwidza zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya pane yekumanikidza simba resimbi zvinhu, ndiko kuti, simba rekumanikidza rezvinhu. inofanira kudarika elasticity yayo. Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira vharafu, peya yekuisa chisimbiso inofananidzwa neimwe mutsauko wekuoma. Pasi pechiito chekumanikidza, imwe dhigirii yepurasitiki deformation yekuisa chisimbiso ichagadzirwa.

Kana iyo yekuisa chisimbiso ichigadzirwa nezvinhu zvesimbi, ipapo iyo isina kuenzana inoburitsa mapoinzi pamusoro inozoonekwa yekutanga. Pakutanga, mutoro mudiki chete unogona kushandiswa kukonzera deformation yepurasitiki yeaya mapoinzi asina kuenzana. Kana iyo yekubatana ikawedzera, kusaenzana kwepamusoro kunova plastiki-elastic deformation. Panguva ino, roughness kumativi ose ari recess achavapo. Kana zvichidikanwa kuisa mutoro unogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kwepurasitiki yechinhu chiri pasi, uye kuita kuti nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzive pedyo nepedyo, idzi nzira dzakasara dzinogona kuitwa pedyo nemutsara unoenderera uye denderedzwa rinotenderera.

Valve seal pair

Iyo valve sealing pair ndiyo chikamu chechigaro chevharuvhu uye nhengo yekuvhara inovhara kana yasangana. Panguva yekushandiswa, iyo simbi yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro inokuvadzwa nyore nyore neyakavharidzirwa midhiya, media corrosion, kupfeka zvimedu, cavitation uye erosion. Zvakadai sokupfeka zvimedu. Kana zvimedu zvekupfeka zviri zvidiki pane kushata kwepamusoro, kurongeka kwepamusoro kuchavandudzwa pane kushatiswa kana nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso yakapfekwa. Pane zvinopesana, kurongeka kwepamusoro kuchave kwakashata. Naizvozvo, pakusarudza zvipfeko zvekupfeka, zvinhu zvakaita sezvishandiso zvavo, mamiriro ekushanda, lubricity, uye ngura panzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso inofanirwa kutariswa zvizere.

Sezvakangoita mapfekero, patinosarudza zvisimbiso, isu tinofanirwa kufunga zvakadzama zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinokanganisa mashandiro azvo kuitira kudzivirira kuvuza. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kusarudza zvinhu zvinopokana nekuora, kukwenya uye kuputika. Zvikasadaro, kushaikwa kwechero chinodikanwa kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuita kwayo yekuisa chisimbiso.