Nheyo yekuvhara vharuvhu

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemavharuvhu, asi basa rawo guru rakafanana, iro kubatanidza kana kudzima kufamba kwemidziyo. Nokudaro, dambudziko rekuvharwa kwemavharuvhu rinova rakakurumbira zvikuru.

Kuti vharuvhu ikwanise kudzima kuyerera kwepakati zvakanaka uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti chisimbiso chevharuvhu hachina kukanganiswa. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekubuda kwevharuvhu, zvinosanganisira dhizaini isina musoro, nzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzekuvhara, zvikamu zvinosunga zvisina kusimba, kusakwana kwakasununguka pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nechifukidziro chevharuvhu, nezvimwewo. Matambudziko ese aya anogona kukonzera kuvharuvhu kusina kunaka. Saka, zvichikonzera dambudziko rekubuda kwemvura. Saka,tekinoroji yekuvhara mavharuvhutekinoroji inokosha ine chekuita nekushanda kwevharuvhu uye mhando, uye inoda tsvakiridzo yakarongeka uye yakadzama.

Kubva pakagadzirwa mavharuvhu, tekinoroji yavo yekuvhara mavharuvhu yave nekufambira mberi kukuru. Kusvika pari zvino, tekinoroji yekuvhara mavharuvhu inonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zvinoti static sealing uye dynamic sealing.

Chinonzi chisimbiso chestatic chinowanzoreva chisimbiso chiri pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzisingachinji. Nzira yekusimbisa chisimbiso chestatic inonyanya kushandisa magasket.

Chinodaidzwa kuti chisimbiso chinoshandura simba chinonyanya kurevakuvharwa kwehunde yevharuvhu, izvo zvinodzivirira kuti chinhu chiri muvharuvhu chisadonhe nekufamba kwesimbi yevharuvhu. Nzira huru yekuvhara dhizaini ndeyekushandisa bhokisi rekuisa zvinhu.

1. Chisimbiso chisingachinji

Kuvhara kusina kusimba zvinoreva kuumbwa kwechisimbiso pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvisina kusimba, uye nzira yekuvhara inonyanya kushandisa magasket. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemawasher. Mawasher anoshandiswa kazhinji anosanganisira mawasher akatsetseka, mawasher ane chimiro cheO, mawasher akaputirwa, mawasher ane chimiro chakasarudzika, mawasher ewave uye mawasher ewonda. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe runogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa.
①Muchina wekuwachisa wakatsetseka. Flat washers iflat washers dzakaiswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvisina kusimba. Kazhinji, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapurasitiki, rabha, simbi uye composite flat washers. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine mhando yaro yekushandisa.
②Mhete yeO. Mhete yeO inoreva gasket ine chikamu chakachinjika chakaita seO. Nekuti chikamu chayo chakachinjika chakaita seO, ine simba rekuzvisimbisa, saka chisimbiso chacho chiri nani pane chegasket yakatsetseka.
③Sanganisira mawashers. Gasket rakaputirwa rinoreva gasket rinoputira chimwe chinhu pane chimwe chinhu. Gasket yakadaro inowanzova nekutwasuka kwakanaka uye inogona kuwedzera kusimba kwekuvhara. ④Mawashers ane chimiro chakasarudzika. Mawashers ane chimiro chakasarudzika anoreva magaskets ane maumbirwo asina kurongeka, anosanganisira mawashers eoval, mawashers edhaimani, mawashers egiya, mawashers emhando yedovetail, nezvimwewo. Mawashers aya anowanzo simbisa ega uye anonyanya kushandiswa mumavharuvhu ekumanikidza akakwira uye ari pakati nepakati.
⑤Muchina wekugezesa mafungu. Mafungu emafungu mafungu ane chimiro chemafungu chete. Mafungu aya anowanzo umbwa nemusanganiswa wezvinhu zvesimbi nezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi. Kazhinji ane hunhu hwekudzvanya kudiki uye kugona kuvhara zvakanaka.
⑥ Putira muchina wekugezesa. Magasket eronda anoreva magasket anoumbwa nekuputira tambo dzesimbi dzakatetepa uye tambo dzisiri dzesimbi pamwe chete. Rudzi urwu rwegasket rune hunhu hwakanaka hwekunamira uye kusimba. Zvinhu zvekugadzira magasket zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu, zvinoti zvinhu zvesimbi, zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi uye zvinhu zvakasanganiswa. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvesimbi zvine simba rakawanda uye zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya. Zvinhu zvesimbi zvinowanzo shandiswa zvinosanganisira mhangura, aruminiyamu, simbi, nezvimwewo. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, zvigadzirwa zverabha, zvigadzirwa zveasbestos, zvigadzirwa zvehemp, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kunewo mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, zvinosanganisira laminate, mapaneru akasanganiswa, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinosarudzwawo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kazhinji, mawashers akasanganiswa uye mawashers espiral wound anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

2. Chisimbiso chinoshanduka

Chisimbiso cheDynamic chinoreva chisimbiso chinodzivirira kuyerera kwepakati muvharuvhu kuti isadonhe nekufamba kwesimbi yevharuvhu. Iri idambudziko rekuvharwa panguva yekufamba kwehukama. Nzira huru yekuvharwa ibhokisi rekuputira. Kune mhando mbiri dzekutanga dzemabhokisi ekuputira: mhando yegland uye mhando yecompression nut. Rudzi rwegland ndiyo fomu inonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino. Kazhinji, maererano nechimiro chegland, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: mhando yakabatana uye mhando integral. Kunyangwe chimiro chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana, chinosanganisira mabhoti ekudzvanya. Rudzi rwecompression nut runowanzo shandiswa kumavharuvhu madiki. Nekuda kwehukuru hudiki hwerudzi urwu, simba rekudzvanya rakaganhurirwa.
Mubhokisi rekuputira, sezvo kurongedza kwacho kwakabatana zvakananga nesimbi yevharuvhu, kurongedza kunofanirwa kuve nekuvharwa kwakanaka, diki diki, kukwanisa kuchinjika kumanikidzwa nekupisa kwepakati, uye kusaora. Parizvino, mafiller anoshandiswa kazhinji anosanganisira rabha O-rings, polytetrafluoroethylene braided packing, asbestos packing uye plastic molding fillers. Filler yega yega ine mamiriro ayo uye huwandu hwayo, uye inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Kuvhara ndeyekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura, saka musimboti wekuvharwa kwevharuvhu unodzidzwawo kubva pamaonero ekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinokonzera kubuda kwemvura. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa mashandiro ekuvharwa kwemvura, ndiko kuti, mukaha uripo pakati pemaseiri ekuvhara, uye chimwe musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pemativi ese eseiri yekuvhara. Musimboti wekuvharwa kwevharuvhu unoongororwawo kubva pazvinhu zvina: kuvharwa kwemvura, kuvharwa kwegasi, musimboti wekuvharwa kwenzira yekuvhura uye kuvharwa kwevharuvhu.

Kusimba kwemvura

Hunhu hwekuvhara mvura hunoenderana nekusimba kwemvura uye kusimba kwemvura. Kana kapillary yevharuvhu inodonhedza mvura yazara negasi, kusimba kwemvura kunogona kudzinga mvura kana kupinza mvura mukapillary. Izvi zvinogadzira kona ine tangent. Kana kona ine tangent iri pasi pe90°, mvura inopinzwa mukapillary, uye kubuda kwemvura kunoitika. Kubuda kwemvura kunoitika nekuda kwehunhu hwakasiyana hwemichina. Kuedza uchishandisa michina yakasiyana kuchapa mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Unogona kushandisa mvura, mhepo kana parafini, nezvimwewo. Kana kona ine tangent yakakura kupfuura 90°, kubuda kwemvura kunoitikawo. Nekuti zvine chekuita nemafuta kana firimu rewakisi pamusoro pesimbi. Kana mafirimu aya epamusoro anyungudika, hunhu hwesimbi inoshanduka, uye mvura yakadzoserwa pakutanga inonyorovesa pamusoro nekubuda kwemvura. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ari pamusoro apa, maererano nefomula yaPoisson, chinangwa chekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kana kuderedza huwandu hwekubuda kwemvura chinogona kuwanikwa nekuderedza dhayamita yekapillary uye kuwedzera kusimba kwemedium.

Kusimba kwegesi

Zvinoenderana nefomura yaPoisson, kuomarara kwegasi kwakabatana nekusimba kwemamorekuru egasi negasi. Kubuda kwegasi kwakaenzana nehurefu hwechubhu yekapilari nekusimba kwegasi, uye kwakaenzana zvakananga nedhayamita yechubhu yekapilari nesimba rinofambisa. Kana dhayamita yechubhu yekapilari yakafanana neavhareji yedhigirii rerusununguko rwemamorekuru egasi, mamorekuru egasi anoyerera achipinda muchubhu yekapilari nekufamba kwemafuta kwakasununguka. Saka, patinoita bvunzo yekuvhara mavharuvhu, medium inofanira kunge iri mvura kuti iwane sealing effect, uye mhepo, kureva gasi, haigone kuwana sealing effect.

Kunyangwe tikaderedza dhayamita ye capillary pasi pemamorekuru egasi kuburikidza nekuchinja kwepurasitiki, hatigoni kumisa kufamba kwegasi. Chikonzero ndechekuti magasi anogona kupararira nemadziro esimbi. Saka, patinoita bvunzo dzegasi, tinofanira kuva vakaomesa kupfuura bvunzo dzemvura.

Nheyo yekuvhara chiteshi chekubuda kwemvura

Chisimbiso chevharuvhu chine zvikamu zviviri: kusaenzana kwakapararira pamusoro pemafungu uye kusaenzana kwehuremu pakati pemafungu. Kana zvinhu zvakawanda zvesimbi munyika medu zvine simba shoma re elastic, kana tichida kuwana mamiriro akavharirwa, tinofanira kuwedzera zvinodiwa pamusoro pesimba rekumanikidza resimbi, kureva kuti, simba rekumanikidza rechinhu rinofanira kupfuura kusimba kwaro. Naizvozvo, pakugadzira vharuvhu, peya yekuvharira inoenderana nekusiyana kwekuoma. Pasi pesimba rekumanikidza, mhedzisiro yekuvharira kwepurasitiki ichagadzirwa.

Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvesimbi, ipapo nzvimbo dzisina kuenzana dziri pamusoro pechinhu dzichatanga kuonekwa. Pakutanga, mutoro mudiki chete ndiwo unogona kushandiswa kukonzera kukanganiswa kwepurasitiki kwenzvimbo idzi dzisina kuenzana dziri pamusoro pechinhu. Kana nzvimbo yekusangana ikawedzera, kuenzana kwepamusoro kunova kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki-elastic. Panguva ino, kukanganiswa kwemativi ese ari maviri ari mugomba kuchavapo. Kana zvichidikanwa kuisa mutoro unogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwakakomba kwepurasitiki yezvinhu zviri pasi, uye kuita kuti nzvimbo mbiri dzive pedyo, nzira idzi dzasara dzinogona kuitwa pedyo nemutsetse unoenderera mberi uye divi rakatenderedza.

Peya yechisimbiso chevharuvhu

Chivharo chevharuvhu ndicho chikamu chechigaro chevharuvhu nechikamu chekuvhara chinovhara kana zvasangana. Panguva yekushandiswa, nzvimbo yekuvhara simbi inokuvadzwa zviri nyore nemidziyo yakavharirwa, ngura yemedia, zvidimbu zvekupfekwa, cavitation uye erosion. Zvakadai sezvidimbu zvekupfekwa. Kana zvidimbu zvekupfekwa zviri zvidiki pane kuomarara kwenzvimbo, kururama kwenzvimbo kuchavandudzwa pane kuipa kana nzvimbo yekuvhara yapfekwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kururama kwenzvimbo kuchaderera. Saka, pakusarudza zvidimbu zvekupfekwa, zvinhu zvakaita sezvinhu zvavo, mamiriro ekushanda, kunyorova, uye ngura pamusoro penzvimbo yekuvhara zvinofanirwa kufungwa zvizere.

Kungofanana nezvidimbu zvekupfekwa, patinosarudza zvisimbiso, tinofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa mashandiro azvo kuitira kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Saka, zvakakosha kusarudza zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi ngura, mavanga uye kukurwa kwevhu. Zvikasadaro, kusavapo kwezvinodiwa kuchaderedza zvakanyanya mashandiro ezvisimbiso zvacho.