Varuvhu, dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa sevharuvhu kuChirungu, mudziyo unoshandiswa kuvhara kana kudzora kuyerera kwemvura yakasiyana-siyana. Varuvhu chinhu chepombi chinoshandiswa kuvhura nekuvhara mapaipi, kutonga mafambiro ekuyerera, uye kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa hunhu hwepakati pekufambisa, kusanganisira tembiricha, kudzvanywa, uye kuyerera. Inogona kuparadzaniswa kuva mavharuvhu ekuvhara, cheki mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu ekudzora, uye zvichingodaro zvichienderana nebasa. Mavharuvhu zvinhu zvinogadzirisa kuyerera kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura, kusanganisira mhepo, mvura, chiutsi, nezvimwewo mumagadzirirwo emvura. Mavharuvhu esimbi, mavharuvhu esimbi, mavharuvhu esimbi isina simbi, chromium molybdenum simbi mavharuvhu, chrome molybdenum vanadium simbi mavharuvhu, duplex simbi mavharuvhu, epurasitiki mavharuvhu, asiri-standard customized mavharuvhu, nezvimwewo angori mashoma emhando dzakasiyana uye zvirevo zvemavharuvhu. .
Zuva rega rega rehupenyu hwedu rinokanganiswa nekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu. Tinoshandisa mavharuvhu patinobatidza pombi kuti tiwane mvura yekunwa kana pombi yemoto yekudiridza zvirimwa. Kuramba kwakaita mavharuvhu akawanda kunokonzerwa nekupindirana kwakaoma kwepombi.
Iko kushanduka kwemaitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri uye kuvandudzwa kwemavharuvhu zvakabatana zvakanyanya. Dombo hombe kana kuti hunde yemuti yaigona kushandiswa kumisa kuyerera kwemvura kana kuti kuchinja kwayaienda munyika yekare kuitira kudzora kuyerera kwenzizi kana kuti hova. Li Bing (asingazivikanwe kuzvarwa uye makore erufu) akatanga kuchera matsime emunyu muChengdu Plain pakupera kweWaring States nguva kuti awane brine uye fry munyu.
Pakuchera brine, chimedu chitete cheshenjere chinoshandiswa sehumburumbira yekubvisa brine inoiswa mubhokisi uye ine vharafu yekuvhura nekuvhara pasi. Furemu huru yemapuranga inovakwa pamusoro petsime, uye silinda imwe chete inogona kudhirowa mabhakiti akati wandei emvura. Mvura inobva yatorwa pachishandiswa vhiri remuumbi nevhiri rekudurura mugomo weshenjere. Iise mutsime kuti udhirowe brine kugadzira munyu, woisa vharafu yemapuranga kune imwe magumo kuti imise kudonha.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, budiriro yeEgypt neGreece yakagadzira akati wandei emhando dzemavharuvhu ekudiridza zvirimwa. Zvakadaro, zvinobvumwa kuti maRoma ekare vakagadzira nzira dzekudiridza dzemvura dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzekudiridza zvirimwa, vachishandisa mavharuvhu ejongwe nemavharuvhu asingadzoke kumisa mvura kuyerera ichidzokera kumashure.
Mazhinji ezvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji zvaLeonardo da Vinci kubva kunguva yeRenaissance, kusanganisira masisitimu ekudiridza, migero yekudiridza, uye mamwe mapurojekiti akakosha ehydraulic system, achiri kushandisa mavharuvhu.
Gare gare, sezvo tekinoroji yekupisa uye midziyo yekuchengetedza mvura yakakwira muEurope,kudiwa kwemavharuvhuzvichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhangura uye aluminium plug mavharuvhu akagadzirwa, uye mavharuvhu akaiswa musimbi system.
Iyo Industrial Revolution uye nhoroondo yemazuva ano yeindasitiri yevharuvhu ine nhoroondo dzakafanana dzakadzika nekufamba kwenguva. Injini yekutanga yekutengesa steam yakagadzirwa muna 1705 naNewcomman, uyo akarongawo mitemo yekudzora injini yekushanda. Kugadzirwa kweWatt kweinjini yemhepo muna 1769 kwakaratidza kupinda kwepamutemo kwevhavha muindasitiri yemuchina. Mavharuvhu epuragi, mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, mavharuvhu echeki, uye mavharuvhu eshavishavi aigara achishandiswa muzvinjini.
Zvishandiso zvakawanda mubhizinesi revharuvhu zvine midzi mukugadzirwa kwaWatt kweinjini yemhepo. Masiraidhi mavharuvhu akatanga kuoneka muzana ramakore rechi 18 nerechi 19 semugumisiro wekushandiswa kwakapararira kweinjini dzeutsi nemigodhi, ironing, machira, kugadzira michina, uye mamwe maindasitiri. Pamusoro pezvo, akagadzira yekutanga yekumhanyisa controller, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kufarira mukudzora kuyerera kwemvura. Kukura kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu ndiko kunotevera kutaridzika kwemavharuvhu epasi ane hunde dzakarukwa uye wedge gedhi mavharuvhu ane trapezoidal threaded madzinde.
Kuvandudzwa kwemhando mbiri idzi dzevharuvhu kwakatanga kugutsa zvido zvekudzora kuyerera pamwe chete nezvinodiwa nemaindasitiri mazhinji kuti arambe achivandudza kudzvanywa kwevharuvhu uye tembiricha.
Mavharuvhu ebhora kana spherical plug mavharuvhu, ayo anotangira pakugadzirwa kwaJohn Wallen naJohn Charpmen muzana ramakore rechi 19 asi asina kuiswa mukugadzirwa panguva iyoyo, aifanira kunge ari mavharuvhu ekutanga munhoroondo.
Hondo yeUnited States yakanga iri mutsigiri wekutanga wekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu mumakungwa epasi pemvura mushure meHondo Yenyika II, uye kugadzirwa kwevhavha kwakaitwa nekurudziro yehurumende. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akawanda matsva eR&D mapurojekiti uye matanho akaitwa munzvimbo yekushandiswa kwevharuvhu, uye hondo yakakonzerawo kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwevharuvhu.
Upfumi hwenyika dzakasimukira hwakatanga kusimukira nekukura humwe pashure pehumwe muma1960. Zvigadzirwa kubva kune yaichimbova West Germany, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom, nedzimwe nyika dzaida zvikuru kutengesa zvinhu zvavo kunze kwenyika, uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemichina yakakwana nemichina ndiko kwakaita kuti mavharuvhu atengeswe kunze kwenyika.
Idzo dzaimbove makoroni dzakawana rusununguko rumwe norumwe pakati pekupera kwema1960 nekutanga kwema1980. Vachida kuvandudza maindasitiri avo epamba, vakaunza michina yakawanda kubva kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira mavharuvhu. Pamusoro pezvo, dambudziko remafuta rakaita kuti nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogadzira oiri dziite mabhindauko makuru muchikamu cheoiri chine mari yakawanda. Nguva yekukura kwekuputika mukugadzirwa kwevharuvhu yepasi rose, kutengeserana, uye budiriro yakaunzwa mukati nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, zvichisimudzira zvikuru kukura kwebhizinesi revharuvhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-25-2023
