Mapaipi emakemikari nemavharuvhu chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemakemikari uye kubatana kwemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemakemikari. Mavharuvhu mashanu anonyanya kushandiswa mumapaipi emakemikari anoshanda sei? Chinangwa chikuru? Mavharuvhu emakemikari nemavharuvhu ezvigadziko chii? (Marudzi gumi nerimwe emapaipi + marudzi mana emapipi ezvigadziko + mavharuvhu gumi nerimwe makuru) Mapaipi emakemikari, zvese izvi zvinonyatsotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chimwe chete!

Mapaipi emakemikari nemavharuvhu ekugadzirisa

Mhando dzemapaipi emakemikari dzinorongwa nezvinhu: mapaipi esimbi nemapaipi asiri esimbi.

Chubhu yesimbi

Mapaipi esimbi akaumbwa, mapaipi esimbi akasonerwa, mapaipi esimbi asina musono, mapaipi emhangura, mapaipi earuminiyamu, uye mapaipi emutobvu.

①Pombi yesimbi yakakandwa:

Pombi yesimbi yakakandwa ndeimwe yepombi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapaipi emakemikari.

Nekuda kwekusasimba kwayo uye kusasimba kwekubatana kwayo, yakakodzera chete kutakura zvinhu zvine simba shoma, uye haina kukodzera kutakura utsi hwemhepo hunodziya zvakanyanya uye hune simba rakawanda nezvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinoputika. Inowanzoshandiswa mumapaipi emvura ari pasi pevhu, mains egasi nemapaipi etsvina. Magadzirirwo emapaipi esimbi anoratidzwa nehupamhi hwemukati × ukobvu hwemadziro (mm).

②Pombi yesimbi yakasonerwa:

Mapaipi esimbi ane musono akakamurwa kuita mapaipi egasi emvura akajairika (kupikisa kumanikidzwa 0.1 ~ 1.0MPa) uye mapaipi akakora (kupikisa kumanikidzwa 1.0 ~ 0.5MPa) zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwavo kushanda.

Inowanzo shandiswa kutakura mvura inomanikidzwa yakaita semvura, gasi, utsi hwekudziisa, mhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye mafuta. Mapaipi egalvanized anonzi mapombi esimbi akagadzika kana mapombi akagadzika. Asina mapombi akagadzika anonzi mapombi esimbi matema. Magadzirirwo ayo anotsanangurwa maererano nedhayamita yezita. Dhayamita yezita shoma i6mm uye dhayamita yepamusoro i150mm.

③Pombi yesimbi isina musono:

Chakanakira mapaipi esimbi asina musono ndechekuti ane hunhu hwakaenzana uye ane simba rakawanda.

Zvinhu zvacho zvinosanganisira simbi yekabhoni, simbi yemhando yepamusoro, simbi isina alloy yakawanda, simbi isingatsvi, uye simbi isingapisi. Nekuda kwenzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira, kune mhando mbiri: mapaipi esimbi asina musono anoputirwa nekupisa uye mapaipi esimbi asina musono anoputirwa nechando. Muinjiniya yemapaipi, mapaipi anoputirwa nekupisa anowanzo shandiswa kana dhayamita yadarika 57mm, uye mapaipi anoputirwa nechando anowanzo shandiswa kana dhayamita iri pasi pe57mm.

Mapaipi esimbi asina musono anowanzo shandiswa kutakura marudzi ese emagasi ane kumanikidzwa, utsi uye mvura, uye anogona kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira (inenge 435°C). Mapaipi esimbi ane musono anoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvinoparadza, pakati pazvo mapaipi esimbi anodzivirira kupisa anogona kutsungirira tembiricha inosvika 900-950℃. Tsanangudzo yepombi yesimbi isina musono inoratidzwa ne Ф inner diameter × wall thickness (mm).

Dhayamita yepamusoro yekunze yepombi inotonhorera inotonhora i200mm, uye dhayamita yepamusoro yekunze yepombi inoputirwa inopisa i630mm. Mapaipi esimbi asina musono akakamurwa kuita mapaipi asina musono uye mapaipi akasarudzika asina musono zvichienderana nemashandisirwo awo, akadai semapaipi asina musono anopwanya petroleum, mapaipi asina musono ebhoyira, uye mapaipi asina musono efetiraiza.

④ Pombi yemhangura:

Chubhu yemhangura ine simba rakanaka rekutamisa kupisa.

Inonyanya kushandiswa mumichina yekuchinjana kupisa uye michina ye cryogenic, machubhu ekuyera kumanikidzwa kwemidziyo kana kutakura mvura ine simba, asi kana tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 250 ℃, haina kukodzera kushandiswa yakamanikidzwa. Nekuti mutengo wacho unodhura, inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha.

⑤Chubhu yeAluminium:

Aruminiyamu ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura.

Machubhu ealuminium anowanzo shandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvakaita se sulfuric acid yakakora, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide uye carbon dioxide, uye anoshandiswawo muzvinhu zvinochinja-chinja kupisa. Machubhu ealuminium haagoni kubatwa nealkali uye haagoni kushandiswa kutakura mhinduro dzealkaline nemhinduro dzine chloride ions.

Sezvo simba remuchina wechubhu yearuminiyamu richidzikira zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwekupisa, tembiricha yekushandisa yechubhu yearuminiyamu haigone kudarika 200°C, uye tembiricha yekushandisa ichave yakaderera kune pombi ine pressurized. Aruminiyamu ine hunhu huri nani hwemuchina patembiricha yakaderera, saka machubhu earuminiyamu nearuminiyamu anonyanya kushandiswa mumidziyo yekuparadzanisa mhepo.

⑥ Pombi yemutobvu:

Mapaipi e lead anowanzo shandiswa semapaipi ekutakura zvinhu zvine acidic. Anogona kutakura 0.5%-15% sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, uye acetic acid ine huwandu husingasviki 80%. Hazvina kukodzera kutakura nitric acid, hypochlorous acid nezvimwe zvinhu zvine acid. Tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda kwepaipi ine acid i200℃.

Chubhu isiri yesimbi

Pombi yepurasitiki, pombi yepurasitiki, pombi yegirazi, pombi yeceramic, pombi yesimende.

①Pombi yepurasitiki:

Zvakanakira mapaipi epurasitiki inodzivirira ngura zvakanaka, huremu hushoma, kuumbwa kuri nyore uye kugadziriswa kuri nyore.

Dambudziko nderekuti simba rayo nderekushaikwa uye kusakwanisa kupisa zvakanaka.

Parizvino, mapaipi epurasitiki anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo mapaipi akaomarara epolyvinyl chloride, mapaipi akapfava epolyvinyl chloride, mapaipi epolyethylene,mapaipi epolypropylene, uye mapaipi esimbi ane polyolefin ne polychlorotrifluoroethylene akapfapfaidzwa pamusoro.

②Chubhu yerabha:

Chubhu yerabha ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura, huremu hwayo hwakareruka, purasitiki yakanaka, inochinjika uye iri nyore kuisa uye kuputsa.

Machubhu erabha anoshandiswa kazhinji anowanzogadzirwa nerabha yechisikigo kana rabha yekugadzira, uye akakodzera nguva dzisina kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.

③Chubhu yegirazi:

Chubhu yegirazi ine zvakanakira zvekudzivirira ngura, kujeka, kucheneswa kuri nyore, kusimba kwakaderera, uye mutengo wakaderera. Dambudziko nderekuti haina kusimba uye haigone kumira kumanikidzwa.

Inowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ekuyedza kana ekuedza.

④Chubhu yeceramic:

Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvakafanana negirazi uye zvine simba rekudzivirira ngura. Pamusoro pehydrofluoric acid, fluorosilicic acid uye alkalis dzakasimba, zvinogona kutsungirira kuwanda kwakasiyana-siyana kwema inorganic acids, organic acids uye organic solvents.

Nekuda kwesimba rayo shoma uye kuputsika, inowanzo shandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvinoparadza mumapombi etsvina nemapaipi ekufema.

⑤Pombi yesimende:

Inonyanya kushandiswa kana zvinodiwa pakumanikidzwa uye kuvharwa kwepombi yekubatanidza zvisina kukwira, zvakaita semapaipi etsvina epasi pevhu uye emvura.