Pombi mvura(inonziwo mvura yemupombi, mvura yemupombi kana mvura yemunisiparati) imvura inopihwa kuburikidza nemapombi nemavharuvhu ekunwa. Mvura yemupombi inowanzo shandiswa kunwa, kubika, kuwacha nekugezesa zvimbuzi. Mvura yepombi yemukati inogoverwa kuburikidza ne "indoor pombi". Mhando yepombi iyi yave iripo kubva kare, asi haina kupihwa kuvanhu vashoma kusvika muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 19 payakatanga kuve yakakurumbira munyika dzanhasi dzakabudirira. Mvura yemupombi yakava yakajairika munzvimbo dzakawanda muzana remakore rechi20 uye iye zvino yava kunyanya kushaikwa pakati pevarombo, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira.

Munyika dzakawanda, mvura yemupombi inowanzoenderana nemvura yekunwa. Masangano ehurumende anowanzo tarisa kunaka kwepombi mvura. Nzira dzekuchenesa mvura yemumba, senge mafirita emvura, kufashaira kana kuita distillation, anogona kushandiswa kurapa kusvibiswa kwehutachiona hwemvura yemupombi kunatsiridza kunwa kwayo. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji (senge zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura) zvinopa mvura yakachena kudzimba, mabhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji inzvimbo huru yehutsanana. Kudaidza mvura yepombi "mvura yemupombi" inoisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe marudzi makuru emvura yakachena angave aripo; izvi zvinosanganisira mvura inobva mumadhamu ekuunganidza mvura inonaya, mvura yemumusha kana pombi yemuguta, mvura yemumatsime, kana hova, nzizi, kana madhamu (Kunwiwa kungasiyana) mvura.

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Kupa mvura yepombi kune vagari vemaguta makuru kana madhorobha kunoda kuunganidzwa kwakaoma uye kwakanyatsogadzirwa, kuchengetedza, kugadzirisa, uye kugovera system, uye kazhinji ibasa remasangano ehurumende.

Kubva kare, mvura inorapwa inowanikwa pachena yakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kukuru kwehupenyu uye kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwevanhu. Kuuraya utachiona mumvura kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura zvakadai setyphoid fever nekorera. Pane kudiwa kukuru kwekuuraya utachiona hwemvura yekunwa pasi rose. Chlorination pari zvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekuuraya utachiona hwemvura, kunyange zvazvo mishonga yeklorini inogona kusangana nezvinhu zviri mumvura uye inogadzira disinfection by-products (DBP) inokonzera matambudziko kuhutano hwevanhu. kuvapo kweioni dzesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinowanzoita kuti mvura "inopfava" kana "yakaoma".

Mvura yemupombi ichiri panjodzi yekusvibiswa kwebiology kana makemikari. Kusvibiswa kwemvura kuchiri dambudziko guru reutano pasi rose. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekunwa mvura ine tsvina zvinouraya vana mamiriyoni 1,6 gore negore. Kana kusvibiswa kuchionekwa sekukuvadza kuhutano hwevanhu, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanowanzopa mazano pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemvura. Panyaya yekusvibiswa kwebiology, zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuti vagari vemo vabike mvura kana kushandisa mvura yemubhodhoro seimwe nzira vasati vanwa. Panyaya yekusvibiswa kwemakemikari, vagari vanogona kurairwa kuti vasanwe mvura yemupombi zvachose kusvika dambudziko ragadziriswa.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, kuderera kwefluoride (<1.0 ppm F) kunowedzerwa nemaune kumvura yepombi kuvandudza hutano hwemazino, kunyange zvazvo "fluoridation" ichiri nyaya inokakavadzana mune dzimwe nharaunda. (Ona mvura fluorination gakava). Zvisinei, kunwa mvura kwenguva refu ine high fluoride concentration (> 1.5 ppm F) inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa zvikuru, yakadai semazino fluorosis, enamel plaque uye skeletal fluorosis, uye kuremara kwemapfupa muvana. Kuoma kwefluorosis kunoenderana nehuwandu hwe fluoride mumvura, pamwe chete nekudya kwevanhu uye kushanda kwemuviri. Fluoride nzira dzekubvisa dzinosanganisira membrane-yakavakirwa nzira, kunaya, kunyudza, uye electrocoagulation.

Regulation uye kutevedzera
America
Iyo US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoronga mazinga anotenderwa ezvimwe zvinosvibisa muhurongwa hwekupa vanhu mvura. Mvura yemupombi inogonawo kunge iine zvakawanda zvinosvibisa izvo zvisina kudzorwa neEPA asi zvinogona kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu. Zvirongwa zvemvura zvemunharaunda-izvo zvinoshumira boka rimwe chete revanhu gore rose-zvinofanira kupa vatengi "mushumo wekutenda kwevatengi." Chirevo chinozivisa zvinosvibisa (kana chiripo) muhurongwa hwemvura uye chinotsanangura zvinogona kuitika muhutano. Mushure meiyo Flint Lead Crisis (2014), vaongorori vakanyanya kutarisisa pakudzidza kwemafambiro emhando yemvura yekunwa muUnited States. Mazinga asina kuchengetedzeka emutobvu akawanikwa mumvura yepombi mumaguta akasiyana, akadai seSebring, Ohio munaAugust 2015 uye Washington, DC mu2001. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti, paavhareji, chikamu che7-8% chezvirongwa zvemvura munharaunda (CWS) zvinotyora mutemo weSafe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) nyaya dzehutano gore rega rega. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinosvibisa mumvura yekunwa, kune angangoita 16 miriyoni zviitiko zveacute gastroenteritis muUnited States gore rega rega.

Vasati vavaka kana kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekupa mvura, vagadziri uye makondirakiti vanofanirwa kubvunza makodhi epombi enzvimbo uye kuwana mvumo yekuvaka isati yavakwa. Kutsiva hita yemvura iripo kungada mvumo uye kuongororwa kwebasa. Chiyero chenyika cheUS Drinking Water Pipeline Guide chinhu chakasimbiswa neNSF/ANSI 61. NSF/ANSI yakagadzawo mitemo yekupihwa zvitupa zvemagaba akawanda, kunyange hazvo Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakatendera zvinhu izvi.