1 Pfungwa huru dzekusarudza mavharuvhu

1.1 Tsanangura chinangwa chevharuvhu mumudziyo kana mudziyo

Sarudza mamiriro ekushanda kwevharuvhu: rudzi rwenzvimbo inoshanda, kumanikidzwa kwekushanda, tembiricha yekushanda uye nzira yekudzora mashandiro, nezvimwewo;

1.2 Sarudza mhando yevharuvhu nemazvo

Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwerudzi rwevharuvhu kunoenderana nekunzwisisa kwakazara kwemugadziri wemaitiro ese ekugadzira nemamiriro ekushanda. Pakusarudza rudzi rwevharuvhu, mugadziri anofanira kutanga aziva hunhu hwemaumbirwo uye mashandiro evharuvhu yega yega;

1.3 Sarudza kubatana kwekupedzisira kwevharuvhu

Pakati pekubatanidza tambo, kubatana kweflange uye kubatana kwekupedzisira kwewelding, maviri ekutanga ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa. Mavharuvhu ane tambo anonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu ane dhayamita shoma iri pasi pe50mm. Kana saizi yedhayamita yakakura zvakanyanya, kuisa nekusunga kubatana kwacho kwakaoma zvikuru. Mavharuvhu akabatana neflange ari nyore kuisa nekuparadzanisa, asi anorema uye anodhura kupfuura mavharuvhu ane tambo, saka akakodzera kubatanidza mapaipi ane dhayamita dzakasiyana-siyana uye kumanikidzwa. Kubatanidza kwewelding kwakakodzera mamiriro ekutakura zvinhu zvinorema uye kwakavimbika kupfuura kubatanidza kweflange. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kuparadzanisa nekudzoreredza mavharuvhu akabatana newelding, saka kushandiswa kwawo kunogumira panguva dzaanogona kushanda zvakavimbika kwenguva yakareba, kana mamiriro ekushandisa akaoma uye tembiricha yakakwira;

1.4 Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu

Pamusoro pekufunga nezvehunhu hwemuviri (tembiricha, kumanikidzwa) uye hunhu hwemakemikari (kuora) kwechinhu chinoshanda, kuchena kwechinhu (kungave kune zvidimbu zvakasimba) kunofanirwa kunzwisiswa pakusarudza zvinhu zvevharuvhu, zvikamu zvemukati uye pamusoro pekuvhara. Pamusoro pezvo, mitemo yakakodzera yenyika nedhipatimendi revashandisi inofanira kutaurwa nezvayo. Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu kunogona kuwana hupenyu hwebasa hwakaderera uye kushanda kwakanakisa kwevharuvhu. Kurongeka kwezvishandiso zvemuviri wevharuvhu ndekwekuti: simbi yakakandwa-kabhoni-simbi isina stainless, uye kurongeka kwezvishandiso zvemhete yekuvhara ndekwekuti: rabha-mhangura-simbi-alloy simbi-F4;

1.5 Zvimwe

Pamusoro pezvo, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura uye mwero wekumanikidzwa kwemvura inoyerera nepavharuvhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa, uye vharuvhu yakakodzera inofanira kusarudzwa uchishandisa ruzivo rwuripo (rwakadai semakatalogu ezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu, sampuro dzezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu, nezvimwewo).

2 Nhanganyaya kuMavharuvhu Akajairika

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemavharuvhu, uye mhando dzacho dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Mhando huru ndeiyimavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu ekumisa, mavharuvhu ekudzora throttle,mavharuvhu eshavishavi, mavharuvhu epuragi, mavharuvhu ebhora, mavharuvhu emagetsi, mavharuvhu ediaphragm, mavharuvhu ekutarisa, mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa,misungo yemhepo nemavharuvhu ekuvharira emergency,Pakati padzo anonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu ekumisa, mavharuvhu ethrottle, mavharuvhu eplug, mavharuvhu eshavishavi, mavharuvhu ebhora, mavharuvhu ekutarisa, uye mavharuvhu ediaphragm.

2.1 Vharuvhu yeGedhi

Vharuvhu yegedhi ivharuvhu ine muviri wekuvhura nekuvhara (plate yevharuvhu) inofambiswa netsinde yevharuvhu uye inofamba ichikwira nekudzika pamusoro pechisimbiso chechigaro chevharuvhu, iyo inogona kubatanidza kana kudimbura nzira yemvura. Kana ichienzaniswa nevharuvhu yekumisa, vharuvhu yegedhi ine mashandiro ari nani ekuvhara, isingapindi mvura zvakanyanya, haishande zvakanyanya pakuvhura nekuvhara, uye ine mashandiro ekugadzirisa. Ndiyo imwe yemavharuvhu anonyanya kushandiswa. Zvikanganiso zvakakura, chimiro chakaoma kupfuura vharuvhu yekumisa, kusashanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo yekuvhara, uye kugadzirisa kwakaoma. Kazhinji haina kukodzera kudhonzwa. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yeshinda patsinde yevharuvhu yegedhi, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: rudzi rwetsinde rinokwira uye rudzi rwetsinde rakavigwa. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwechisimbiso chegedhi, inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: rudzi rwewedge uye rudzi rweparallel.

2.2 Vharuvhu yekumisa

Vharuvhu yekumisa ivharuvhu inovhara ichidzika, umo zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara (vharuvhu disc) zvinofambiswa netsinde yevharuvhu kuti zvifambe zvichikwira nekudzika zvichitevedza axis yechigaro chevharuvhu (sealing surface). Kana ichienzaniswa nevharuvhu yegedhi, ine mashandiro akanaka ekugadzirisa, mashandiro asina kunaka ekuvhara, chimiro chiri nyore, kugadzirwa uye kugadziriswa kuri nyore, kuramba mvura yakawanda, uye mutengo wakaderera. Ivharuvhu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, inowanzo shandiswa pamapaipi epakati nepakati nediki.

2.3 Vharuvhu yebhora

Zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara zvevharuvhu yebhora zvine mabhora ane maburi akatenderera, uye bhora rinotenderera netsinde yevharuvhu kuti vharuvhu ivhurike nekukurumidza, inoshanda zviri nyore, diki, huremu hushoma, zvikamu zvishoma, inodzivirira mvura, inovhara zvakanaka, uye iri nyore kugadzirisa.

2.4 Vharuvhu yeThrottle

Kunze kwedhisiki revharuvhu, vharuvhu remutsipa rine chimiro chakafanana nevharuvhu rinomira. Dhisiki rayo revharuvhu chinhu chinotenderera, uye maumbirwo akasiyana ane hunhu hwakasiyana. Dhayamita yechigaro chevharuvhu haifanirwe kunge yakakura zvakanyanya, nekuti kukwirira kwayo kudiki uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura unowedzera, nokudaro zvichikurumidzisa kuputsika kwedhisiki revharuvhu. Vharuvhu remutsipa rine saizi diki, huremu hwakareruka, uye mashandiro akanaka ekugadzirisa, asi kunyatsogadzirisa hakuna kukwira.

2.5 Vharuvhu yepuragi

Vharuvhu repuragi rinoshandisa muviri wepuragi une gomba rinopinda sechikamu chekuvhura nekuvhara, uye muviri wepuragi unotenderera netsinde yevharuvhu kuti ivhurike nekuvhara. Vharuvhu repuragi rine chimiro chiri nyore, rinovhura nekuvhara nekukurumidza, riri nyore kushanda, harina mvura yakawanda, zvikamu zvishoma, uye huremu hwakareruka. Mavharuvhu epuragi anowanikwa mumhando dzakananga, nhatu, uye ina. Mavharuvhu epuragi anoshandiswa kucheka medium, uye matatu neina anoshandiswa kushandura divi remedium kana kutsausa medium.

2.6 Vharuvhu yeshavishavi

Vharuvhu reshavishavi iplate yeshavishavi inotenderera 90° yakatenderedza axis yakagadzika mumuviri wevharuvhu kuti ipedzise basa rekuvhura nekuvhara. Vharuvhu reshavishavi idiki, yakareruka, ine chimiro chiri nyore, uye ine zvikamu zvishoma chete.

Uye inogona kuvhurwa nekuvharwa nekukurumidza nekutenderera 90°, uye iri nyore kushanda. Kana vharuvhu remapuruguru riri munzvimbo yakavhurika zvizere, ukobvu hwepuratifomu remapuruguru ndiyo chete inodzivisa kana medium ichiyerera nemumuviri wevharuvhu. Nokudaro, kudonha kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nevharuvhu kudiki kwazvo, saka ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzora kuyerera. Mavharuvhu emapuruguru akakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri dzekuvhara: elastic soft seal uye metal hard seal. Kune mavharuvhu e elastic seal, sealing ring inogona kuiswa mumuviri wevharuvhu kana kusungirirwa kumucheto kwepuratifomu yebhuruvhu. Ine performance yakanaka yekuvhara uye inogona kushandiswa pakukwesha, pamwe chete nemapaipi epakati evacuum uye corrosive media. Mavharuvhu ane metal seals anowanzo kuve nehupenyu hwakareba hwekushanda kupfuura mavharuvhu ane elastic seals, asi zvakaoma kuwana sealing yakakwana. Anowanzo shandiswa mune zviitiko apo kudonha kwekuyerera nekumanikidzwa kwakasiyana zvikuru uye performance yakanaka yekuvhara kunodiwa. Metal seals inogona kugadzirisa tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda, nepo elastic seals ine chikanganiso chekuganhurirwa netembiricha.

2.7 Vharuvhu yekutarisa

Vharuvhu yekutarisa ivharuvhu inogona kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura otomatiki. Vharuvhu yevharuvhu yekutarisa inovhurwa nekumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye mvura inoyerera kubva parutivi rwekupinda kuenda kudivi rekubuda. Kana kumanikidzwa kuri parutivi rwekupinda kwakaderera pane kuri parutivi rwekubuda, vharuvhu inovhara yega nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura uye simba rayo rekudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Zvichienderana nechimiro chechimiro, yakakamurwa kuita vharuvhu yekutarisa yekusimudzira uye vharuvhu yekutarisa yekuchinja. Vharuvhu yekutarisa yekusimudzira ine chisimbiso chiri nani pane vharuvhu yekutarisa yekuchinja uye kuramba kwemvura kwakanyanya. Padanho rekukweva pombi yekukweva pombi, vharuvhu yetsoka inofanira kusarudzwa. Basa rayo nderekuti: kuzadza pombi yekupinda yepombi nemvura usati watanga pombi; kuchengetedza pombi yekupinda nemuviri wepombi wakazara nemvura mushure mekumisa pombi mukugadzirira kutangazve. Vharuvhu yetsoka inowanzoiswa papombi yakamira panzvimbo yekupinda yepombi, uye medium inoyerera kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro.

2.8 Vharuvhu yeDiaphragm

Chikamu chinovhura nekuvhara chevharuvhu yediaphragm idhayagramu yerabha, iyo yakasungirirwa pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nechifukidziro chevharuvhu.

Chikamu chinobuda chediaphragm chakasungirirwa pamudzi wevharuvhu, uye muviri wevharuvhu wakaputirwa nerabha. Sezvo nzvimbo yacho isingapindi mukati memukati mevharuvhu, mudzi wevharuvhu haudi bhokisi rekuputira. Vharuvhu yediaphragm ine chimiro chiri nyore, inoshanda zvakanaka pakuvharira, iri nyore kugadzirisa, uye inodzivirira mvura shoma. Mavharuvhu eDiaphragm akakamurwa kuita mhando yeweir, mhando yakatwasuka, mhando ye right-angle uye mhando ye direct current.

3 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza mavharuvhu yakajairika

3.1 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza mavharuvhu egedhi

Kazhinji, mavharuvhu egedhi anofanira kutanga asarudzwa. Pamusoro peutsi, mafuta nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, mavharuvhu egedhi akakodzerawo kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine granular solids uye viscosity yakakwira, uye akakodzera mavharuvhu ekubvisa mhepo uye masisitimu evacuum cleaner mashoma. Kune zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvine zvidimbu zvakasimba, muviri wevharuvhu yegedhi unofanirwa kunge uine buri rimwe kana maviri ekuchenesa. Kune zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa pakupisa kwakaderera, vharuvhu yegedhi yakakosha inofanira kusarudzwa.

3.2 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza mavharuvhu ekumisa

Vharuvhu yekumisa yakakodzera mapaipi ane zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekusashanda kwemvura, kureva kuti, kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa hakufungidzirwi zvakanyanya, pamwe nemapaipi kana zvishandiso zvine media yekupisa kwakanyanya uye ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Yakakodzera mapaipi emhepo uye mamwe media ane DN < 200mm; mavharuvhu madiki anogona kushandisa mavharuvhu ekumisa, akadai semavharuvhu etsono, mavharuvhu emidziyo, mavharuvhu ekuenzanisa, mavharuvhu egeji yekumanikidza, nezvimwewo; mavharuvhu ekumisa ane mutemo wekuyerera kana mutemo wekumanikidza, asi kururama kwemutemo hakuna kukwira, uye dhayamita yepaipi idiki, saka mavharuvhu ekumisa kana mavharuvhu ethrottle anofanira kusarudzwa; kune media ine chepfu yakawanda, mavharuvhu ekumisa ane bellow-sealed anofanira kusarudzwa; asi mavharuvhu ekumisa haafanire kushandiswa kune media ine viscosity yakawanda uye media ine zvidimbu zviri nyore kudonha, uye haafanire kushandiswa semavharuvhu emhepo uye mavharuvhu emasisitimu evacuum low.

3.3 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza vharuvhu yebhora

Mavharuvhu ebhora akakodzera kushandiswa mumidziyo ine tembiricha yakaderera, ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye ine kusimba kwakanyanya. Mavharuvhu mazhinji ebhora anogona kushandiswa mumidziyo ine zvidimbu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa, uye anogonawo kushandiswa mumidziyo ine upfu uye granular zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechisimbiso; mavharuvhu ebhora ane channel yakazara haana kukodzera kudzora kuyerera, asi akakodzera zviitiko zvinoda kuvhurwa nekukurumidza nekuvhara, izvo zviri nyore kuvharwa nekukurumidza kana tsaona dzaitika; mavharuvhu ebhora anowanzo kurudzirwa kumapaipi ane mashandiro ekuvharwa akasimba, kupera, nzira dzekudzikira, kuvhurwa nekukurumidza nekuvhara, kugurwa kwakanyanya (musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa), ruzha rwakaderera, chiitiko chegasification, torque diki yekushanda, uye kuramba kushoma kwemvura; mavharuvhu ebhora akakodzera zvivakwa zvechiedza, kugurwa kwepressure yakaderera, uye kupiswa kwemhepo; mavharuvhu ebhora ndiwowo mavharuvhu akanakisa emidziyo ine tembiricha yakaderera uye inotonhora zvakanyanya. Kune masisitimu emapaipi nemidziyo yemidziyo ine tembiricha yakaderera, mavharuvhu ebhora ane kufukidza kwevharuvhu anofanirwa kusarudzwa; paunenge uchishandisa mavharuvhu ebhora anoyangarara, zvinhu zvechigaro chevharuvhu zvinofanira kutakura mutoro webhora uye nzvimbo yekushanda. Mavharuvhu ebhora ane dhayamita hombe anoda simba guru panguva yekushanda, uye mavharuvhu ebhora eDN≥200mm anofanira kushandisa giya remanyoka; mavharuvhu ebhora akagadzika akakodzera zviitiko zvine dhayamita hombe uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira; pamusoro pezvo, mavharuvhu ebhora anoshandiswa pamigero yezvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya uye zvinobvira moto anofanira kunge aine zvivakwa zvisingatsvi uye zvinodzivirira moto.

3.4 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza vharuvhu yeThrottle

Mavharuvhu eThrottle akakodzera zviitiko zvine tembiricha yakaderera uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye akakodzera zvikamu zvinoda kugadzirisa kuyerera uye kumanikidzwa. Haakodzeri nzvimbo ine viscosity yakawanda uye ine zvidimbu zvakasimba, uye haana kukodzera mavharuvhu ekuparadzanisa.

3.5 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza Vharuvhu yePlug

Mavharuvhu eplug akakodzera zviitiko zvinoda kuvhurwa nekuvharwa nekukurumidza. Kazhinji haakodzeri kushandiswa nemhepo inopisa uye inopisa zvakanyanya. Anoshandiswa kushandiswa nemhepo inopisa uye ine hutachiona hwakaderera, uye akakodzerawo kushandiswa nemhepo inopisa ine zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa.

3.6 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza vharuvhu reBhatafurayi

Mavharuvhu eshavishavi akakodzera zviitiko zvine dhayamita hombe (senge DN﹥600mm) uye zvinodiwa pakureba kwenguva pfupi, pamwe chete nezviitiko zvinoda kudzorwa kwekuyerera kwemvura uye kuvhurwa nekuvharwa nekukurumidza. Anowanzo shandiswa pamidziyo yakaita semvura, mafuta nemhepo yakamanikidzwa ine tembiricha ≤80℃ uye kumanikidzwa ≤1.0MPa; sezvo mavharuvhu eshavishavi aine kurasikirwa kukuru kwekumanikidzwa zvichienzaniswa nemavharuvhu egedhi nemavharuvhu ebhora, mavharuvhu eshavishavi akakodzera masisitimu emapaipi ane zvinodiwa zvekurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.

3.7 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza Check Valve

Mavharuvhu ekuongorora anowanzo kukodzera nzvimbo dzakachena, uye haakodzeri nzvimbo dzine zvidimbu zvakasimba uye kupenya kwakanyanya. Kana DN≤40mm, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu rekutarisa rinosimudza (rinongobvumirwa kuiswa pamapaipi akatambanuka chete); kana DN＝50～400mm, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu rekutarisa rinosimudza (rinogona kuiswa pamapaipi akatambanuka uye akatambanuka. Kana yakaiswa papombi yakatambanuka, nzira yekuyerera kwepakati inofanira kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro); kana DN≥450mm, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu rekutarisa rinosimudza; kana DN＝100～400mm, vharuvhu rekutarisa rinoita wafer rinogonawo kushandiswa; vharuvhu rekutarisa rinosimudza rinogona kugadzirwa kuita pressure yekushanda yakakwira kwazvo, PN inogona kusvika 42MPa, uye inogona kuiswa kune chero nzvimbo yekushanda uye chero nzvimbo yekupisa yekushanda zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvegoko nezvisimbiso. Nzvimbo yekushanda imvura, utsi, gasi, nzvimbo inoparadza, mafuta, mushonga, nezvimwewo. Nzvimbo yekushanda yepakati iri pakati pe -196～800℃.

3.8 Mirayiridzo yekusarudza vharuvhu yeDiaphragm

Mavharuvhu eDiaphragm akakodzera mafuta, mvura, acidic media uye media ine zvinhu zvakasungirirwa zvine tembiricha yekushanda iri pasi pe200℃ uye kumanikidzwa kuri pasi pe1.0MPa, asi kwete yeorganic solvents uye strong oxidants. Mavharuvhu eDiaphragm eWeir-type akakodzera kune abrasive granular media. Tafura yekuratidza kuyerera kwemvura inofanira kushandiswa pakusarudza mavharuvhu eDiaphragm eWeir-type. Mavharuvhu eDiaphragm akatwasuka akakodzera kune viscous fluids, simende slurry uye sedimentary media. Kunze kwezvinodiwa chaizvo, mavharuvhu eDiaphragm haafanire kushandiswa pamapaipi eVacuum nemidziyo yeVacuum.