Vharuvhu yekumisa inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora nekumisa mvura inoyerera nepaipi. Yakasiyana nemavharuvhu akadai semavharuvhu ebhora nemavharuvhu egedhi nekuti akagadzirirwa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura uye haagumiri pamabasa ekuvhara. Chikonzero nei vharuvhu yekumisa ichinzi yakadaro ndechekuti dhizaini yekare ine muviri wakatenderera uye inogona kukamurwa kuita ma hemispheres maviri, akaparadzaniswa ne equator, uko kuyerera kunochinja divi. Zvinhu zvemukati zvechigaro chekuvhara kazhinji hazvisi zvedenderedzwa (semuenzaniso, mavharuvhu ebhora) asi zvinowanzo kuve zvakarongwa, zve hemispherical, kana kuti zvakaita se plug. Mavharuvhu eglobe anodzivirira kuyerera kwemvura zvakanyanya kana yakavhurika kupfuura mavharuvhu egedhi kana ebhora, zvichikonzera kudonha kwakanyanya kwepressure kuburikidza nawo. Mavharuvhu eglobe ane marongero matatu makuru emuviri, mamwe acho anoshandiswa kuderedza kudonha kwepressure nevharuvhu. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvemamwe mavharuvhu, ndapota tarisa Gwaro redu rekutenga mavharuvhu.

Dhizaini yevharuvhu

Vharuvhu yekumisa inoumbwa nezvikamu zvikuru zvitatu:muviri wevharuvhu nechigaro, dhisiki revharuvhu uye hunde, kurongedza nebhoneti. Pakushanda, tenderedza tambo yakarukwa nepavhiri reruoko kana kuti vharuvhu kuti usimudze dhisiki revharuvhu kubva pachigaro chevharuvhu. Nzira yemvura inopinda nevharuvhu ine nzira yakaita seZ kuitira kuti mvura ikwanise kubata musoro wedhisiki revharuvhu. Izvi zvakasiyana nemavharuvhu egedhi uko mvura yacho yakatarisana negedhi. Kurongeka uku dzimwe nguva kunotsanangurwa semuviri wevharuvhu wakaita seZ kana vharuvhu yakaita seT. Mugero wekupinda newokubuda wakabatana.

Mamwe magadzirirwo anosanganisira maangles nemapatani akaita seY. Muvharuvhu yekumisa angle, nzvimbo yekubuditsa mvura iri 90 ° kubva pakupinda, uye mvura inoyerera nenzira yakaita seL. Mugadziriro yemuviri wevharuvhu yakaita seY kana kuti Y, tsinde yevharuvhu inopinda mumuviri wevharuvhu pa45 °, nepo kupinda nekunze zvichiramba zviri mumutsara, zvakafanana nezviri mumodhi yenzira nhatu. Kuramba kwepatani yekona kuti ifambe kudiki pane kwepatani yakaita seT, uye kuramba kwepatani yakaita seY kudiki. Mavharuvhu ane nzira nhatu ndiwo anonyanya kuwanikwa pamhando nhatu idzi.

Dhisiki rekuvharira rinowanzo tetepa kuti rikwane pachigaro chevharuvhu, asi dhisiki rakati sandara rinogona kushandiswawo. Kana vharuvhu ikavhurwa zvishoma, mvura inoyerera zvakaenzana kutenderedza dhisiki, uye kupararira kwekupfekwa pachigaro chevharuvhu nedhisiki. Nokudaro, vharuvhu inoshanda zvinobudirira kana kuyerera kwadzikira. Kazhinji, nzira yekuyerera iri kudivi revharuvhu revharuvhu, asi munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwira (steam), kana muviri wevharuvhu uchitonhora uye uchidzika, kuyerera kwacho kunowanzo dzokera shure kuti vharuvhu irambe yakavharwa zvakasimba. Vharuvhu inogona kugadzirisa nzira yekuyerera kuti ishandise kumanikidzwa kuti ibatsire kuvhara (kuyerera pamusoro pedhisiki) kana kuvhura (kuyerera pasi pedhisiki), nokudaro ichibvumira vharuvhu kuti ivhare kana kukundikana kuvhurika.

Dhisiki kana chivhariso chekuvharaKazhinji kacho chinotungamirwa pasi kusvika pachigaro chevharuvhu kuburikidza nekeji kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chinobata zvakanaka, kunyanya kana paine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Mamwe magadzirirwo anoshandisa chigaro chevharuvhu, uye chisimbiso chiri parutivi rwetsvimbo yevharuvhu yedhisiki chinobatana nechigaro chevharuvhu kuti chibudise kumanikidzwa pakurongedza kana vharuvhu yavhurwa zvizere.

Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwechinhu chinovhara, vharuvhu yekumisa inogona kuvhurwa nekukurumidza nekutenderera kakawanda kwetsinde yevharuvhu kuti itange kuyerera nekukurumidza (kana kuvharwa kumisa kuyerera), kana kuvhurwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekutenderera kakawanda kwetsinde yevharuvhu kuti igadzire kuyerera kwakarongeka kuburikidza nevharuvhu. Kunyangwe dzimwe nguva mapulagi achishandiswa sezvinhu zvinovhara, haafanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nemapulagi eplug, ayo ari machina ekutenderera kwekota, akafanana nemavalvu ebhora, anoshandisa mapulagi panzvimbo pemabhora kumisa nekutanga kuyerera.

chikumbiro

Mavharuvhu ekumisa anoshandiswa kudzima nekudzora nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba, nzvimbo dzemagetsi uye nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa. Anoshandiswa mumapaipi emhepo, macircuit emvura inotonhorera, masisitimu ekuzora, nezvimwewo, umo kudzora huwandu hwemvura inopfuura nemavharuvhu kunoita basa rakakosha.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemuviri wevharuvhu reglobe kunowanzoitwa nesimbi yakakandwa kana brass/bronze mukushandiswa kwakaderera kwekumanikidzwa, uye simbi yakaumbwa nekabhoni kana simbi isina tsvina mukushandiswa kwakakwira uye tembiricha. Zvinhu zvakatsanangurwa zvemuviri wevharuvhu zvinowanzo sanganisira zvikamu zvese zvekumanikidzwa, uye "trim" zvinoreva zvikamu zvisiri zvemuviri wevharuvhu, kusanganisira chigaro chevharuvhu, diski uye stem. Saizi yakakura inosarudzwa nekirasi yekumanikidzwa yekirasi yeASME, uye mabhoti akajairwa kana maflange ekuwelda anorairwa. Saizi yevharuvhu reglobe inoda kushanda nesimba kupfuura saizi yemamwe marudzi emavharuvhu nekuti kudonha kwekumanikidzwa muvharuvhu kunogona kuva dambudziko.

Kugadzirwa kwehunde inokwira ndiyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mumavharuvhu ekumisa, asi mavharuvhu ehunde asingakwire anogonawo kuwanikwa. Bhoneti inowanzo sungirirwa uye inogona kubviswa zviri nyore panguva yekutarisa mukati mevharuvhu. Chigaro chevharuvhu nedhisiki zviri nyore kutsiva.

Mavharuvhu ekumisazvinowanzoitwa otomatiki uchishandisa pneumatic piston kana diaphragm actuators, izvo zvinoshanda zvakananga pa valvu stem kuti zvifambise disc panzvimbo yayo. Piston/diaphragm inogona kuvharwa nechitubu kuti ivhure kana kuvhara vhavu kana mweya warasikirwa nekumanikidzwa. Actuator yemagetsi inotenderera inoshandiswawo.