A vharafu yegedhiivharuvhu inofamba ichikwira nekudzika mumutsara wakatwasuka uchitevedza chigaro chevharuvhu (chisimbiso chepamusoro), nechikamu chekuvhura nekuvhara (gedhi) chichifambiswa nedzinde revharuvhu.

1. Chii avharafu yegedhianoita

Rudzi rwevharuvhu yekuvhara inonzi valve yegedhi inoshandiswa kubatanidza kana kubvisa svikiro mupombi.Ivhavha yegedhi ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa.Mavharuvhu emagedhi anowanzo shandiswa muChina ane maitiro anotevera ekuita: zita rekumanikidza PN1760, saizi yezita DN151800, uye tembiricha yekushanda t610°C.

2. Zvimiro zveavharafu yegedhi

① Mabhenefiti evhavha yegedhi

A. Pane kushomeka kwemvura.Iyo yepakati haichinje mafambiro ayo ekuyerera kana ichipfuura nepagedhi vharafu sezvo yepakati chiteshi mukati megedhi revhavha muviri wakatwasuka, izvo zvinoderedza kushomeka kwemvura.

B. Pane kushomeka kushoma panguva yekuvhura nekuvhara.Tichienzanisa nevharuvhu, kuvhura uye kuvhara kwevharuvhu yegedhi kushoma-kuchengetedza basa sezvo kutungamira kwegedhi mafambiro kuri perpendicular kune kuyerera kwakanangana.

C. Kuyerera kwesvikiro hakuna muganhu.Sezvo svikiro richigona kuyerera richienda chero divi kubva kudivi ripi neripi revhavharu yegedhi, rinogona kushanda zvarinoda uye rinonyanya kukodzera mapaipi uko mafambiro emedia anogona kuchinja.

D. Chimiro chipfupi.Kureba kwevharuvhu yevharuvhu ipfupi pane yevharuvhu yegedhi nekuti dhisiki revharuvhu rakamira rakachinjika mumutumbi wevharuvhu ukuwo vharafu regedhi revharuvhu rakamira rakati shwa mukati memuviri wevharuvhu.

E. Kushanda chisimbiso kugona.Nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso haina kuderedzwa kana yakazaruka.

② Madhiri evhavha yegedhi

A. Zviri nyore kukuvadza nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso.Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pegedhi uye chigaro chevharuvhu chinosangana nekukakavadzana pavanenge vachivhura nekuvhara, izvo zviri nyore kukuvadzwa uye zvinoderedza kuvharika kwekuita uye hupenyu hwehupenyu.

B. Hurefu hwakakura uye nguva dzekuvhura nekuvhara dzakareba.Kurova kweplate yegedhi yakakura, imwe nzvimbo yenzvimbo inodiwa pakuvhurwa, uye chiyero chekunze chakakwira nekuti vheji yegedhi inofanirwa kuvhurwa zvizere kana kuvharwa zvakakwana paunenge uchivhura nekuvhara.

Chimiro chakaoma, tsamba C. Mukuenzanisa nevhavha yepasi, kune zvikamu zvakawanda, zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzira nekuchengetedza, uye zvinodhura zvakawanda.

3. Kuvakwa kwevhavha yegedhi

Muviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti kana bracket, dzinde revharuvhu, vharafu stem nati, gedhi ndiro, chigaro chevharuvhu, denderedzwa rekutakura, kuvhara chisimbiso, kurongedza gland, uye mudziyo wekutapurirana unoumba huwandu hwevhavha yegedhi.

A bypass valve (stop valve) inogona kubatanidzwa mukuenderana pane inopinza uye yekubuda nepombi padyo nehombe-dhayamita kana yakakwirira-inomanikidza gedhi mavharuvhu kuitira kuderedza kuvhura uye kuvhara torque.Vhura vharuvhu yekupfuura usati wavhura gedhi vharafu paunenge uchishandisa kuenzana kudzvanywa kune chero divi regedhi.Iyo bypass valve yezita dhayamita iDN32 kana kupfuura.

① Muviri wevharuvhu, unoumba chikamu chinodzvanywa chepakati-yekuyerera chiteshi uye ndiyo huru yevhavha yegedhi, inonamirwa zvakananga kune pombi kana (midziyo).Izvo zvakakosha pakuisa chigaro chevharuvhu panzvimbo, kuisa chivharo chevhavha, uye kujoinha pombi.Kureba kwekamuri yevharuvhu yemukati yakakura nekuti gedhi rakaita sedhisiki, iro rakamira uye rinokwira nekudzika, rinoda kukwana mukati memuviri wevharuvhu.Kudzvanywa kwezita kunonyanya kutarisisa kuti chikamu chevharuvhu chemuchinjikwa chakaumbwa sei.Semuyenzaniso, iyo yakaderera-pressure gedhi vharafu yevharuvhu inogona kupepetwa kuti ipfupise kureba kwayo.

Mumuviri wevharuvhu, ruzhinji rwenzira dzepakati nepakati dzine denderedzwa muchinjiko-chikamu.Shrinkage inyanzvi inogonawo kushandiswa pamavharuvhu egedhi ane madhayamita makuru kudzikisa saizi yegedhi, kuvhura nekuvhara simba, uye torque.Kana shrinkage ichishandiswa, kupikisa kwemvura muvharuvhu kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kudonha kwekumanikidza uye kukwira kwemitengo yesimba.Iyo chiteshi shrinkage ratio saka haifanirwe kuve yakawandisa.Bhazi rekona yekurerekera kwegwara kumuganhu wepakati haifanire kudarika 12°, uye reshiyo yedhayamita yechigaro chevharuvhu kudhayamita yayo yezita inofanira kunge iri pakati pe0.8 ne0.95.

Kubatana pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nepombi, pamwe nemuviri wevharuvhu nebhoneti, inotarwa nechimiro chemuviri wevharuvhu.Cast, forged, forged welding, cast welding, uye chubhu plate welding zvese zvingasarudzwa zvekukasharara kwevharuvhu.Pamadhayamita ari pasi peDN50, mitumbi yekukanda mavharuvhu anowanzo shandiswa, miviri yevharuvhu yefoge inowanzo shandiswa, mavharuvhu akakandwa anowanzo shandiswa pakukandira kwakabatana kunotadza kutsanangurwa, uye zvivakwa zvakakandwa zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare.Forged-welded valve miviri inowanzo shandiswa kune mavharuvhu ane matambudziko neiyo yakazara forging process.

②Chivharo chevhavha chine bhokisi rekuisa pairi uye rinosungirirwa kumuviri wevhavha, zvichiita kuti ive iyo huru-inotakura chikamu chekamuri yekumanikidza.Ivhavhavhavhavhavha inoshongedzerwa nemuchina wepamusoro unotsigira zvikamu, senge stem nzungu kana nzira dzekufambisa, dzepakati nediki mavharuvhu dhayamita.

③Dzinde nati kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemudziyo wekutumira zvinotsigirwa nebhuraketi, rinosungirirwa pabhoneti.

④Dzinde revharuvhu rakabatana zvakananga ne stem nut kana mudziyo wekutapurirana.Iyo yakakwenenzverwa tsvimbo chikamu uye yekurongedza inoumba chisimbiso pair, iyo inogona kutumira torque uye kuita basa rekuvhura nekuvhara gedhi.Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yeshinda pahunde yevharuvhu, tsinde yegedhi vharafu uye yakavanzika stem gedhi vharafu zvinosiyaniswa.

A. Dzinde rinokwira regedhi vharafu nderimwe rine tambo yekufambisa iri kunze kwegonhi remuviri uye ine hunde yevharuvhu inokwanisa kukwira nekudzika.Dzinde nati pabhuraketi kana bhoneti inofanirwa kutenderedzwa kuitira kusimudza dzinde revharuvhu.Tambo yehunde nemhunga nut hazvibatanidzine nepakati nekudaro hazvibatike nekupisa kwepakati nekuora, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nemukurumbira.Iyo stem nut inogona kungotenderera pasina kukwira nekudzika kusimuka, izvo zvinobatsira pakuzora kwehunde yevharuvhu.Kuvhura gedhi kwakajekawo.

B. Dzinde rerima regedhi mavharuvhu ane shinda yekutapurirana iyo iri mukati memuviri mhango nedzinde revharuvhu inotenderera.Kutenderedza hunde yevharuvhu kunofambisa dzinde nati paplate regedhi, zvichiita kuti dzinde revharuvhu risimuke nekudonha.Dzinde revharuvhu rinongotenderera chete, kwete kukwira kana kudzika.Iyo valve inonetsa kubata nekuda kwehurefu hwayo hudiki uye yakaoma kuvhura nekuvhara sitiroko.Zviratidzo zvinofanira kuiswa.Inokodzera kusaodza svikiro uye nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka nekuti tembiricha nekuora kwepakati mhedzisiro kusangana pakati pevharuvhu hunde shinda uye stem nati nepakati.

⑤Chikamu chekinematic pair chinogona kusungirirwa zvakananga kune mudziyo wekutumira uye kutumira torque inoumbwa nevhavha stem nati uye yevhavha stem thread boka.

⑥Ivharuvhu hunde kana dzinde nati inogona kupihwa zvakanangana nemagetsi, simba remhepo, hydraulic simba, uye basa kuburikidza nemudziyo wekutapurirana.Kutyaira kure-kure mumagetsi emagetsi kunowanzo shandisa mavhiri emaoko, mavharuvhu anovhara, zvinhu zvinotapurirana, mashaft ekubatanidza, uye kubatanidza kwepasirese.

⑦ chigaro chevhavha Kutenderedza, welding, threaded connections, uye mamwe matekiniki anoshandiswa kuchengetedza chigaro chevharuvhu kumutumbi wevharuvhu kuitira kuti chivhare negedhi.

⑧ Zvichienderana nezvido zvemutengi, mhete yekuisa chisimbiso inogona kuiswa zvakananga pamutumbi wevhavha kuti ugadzire nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso.Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso inogona zvakare kurapwa yakananga kumuviri wevharuvhu kune mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sesimbi yakakandwa, austenitic simbi isina tsvina, uye copper alloy.Kuti udzivise svikiro kuti isadonhe padivi pehunde yevharuvhu, kurongedza kunoiswa mukati mebhokisi rekuisa (stuffing box).