A vharuvhu yegedhiivharuvhu rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye rakajairika. Rinonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvesimbi, kuchengetedza mvura, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Musika wacho wabvuma kushanda kwaro kwakasiyana-siyana. Pamwe nekudzidza vharuvhu regedhi, wakaitawo ongororo yakakwana yekuti ungashandisa sei uye kugadzirisa matambudziko emavharuvhu egedhi.

Zvinotevera itsananguro yakafara yemagadzirirwo emavharuvhu egedhi, mashandisirwo awo, matambudziko, kudzora mhando, nezvimwe zvinhu.

chimiro

Vharuvhu yegedhiChimiro chacho chine ndiro yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu, izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzora kuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwevharuvhu. Zvinhu zvikuru zvevharuvhu yegedhi zvinosanganisira muviri wayo, chigaro, ndiro yegedhi, tsinde, bhoneti, bhokisi rekuisa zvinhu, tsinde rekuisa zvinhu, tsinde remachira, vhiri reruoko, nezvimwewo. Saizi yechiteshi inogona kuchinja uye chiteshi chinogona kuvharwa zvichienderana nekuti nzvimbo yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu inochinja sei. Nzvimbo yekusangana kweplate yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu inokuyiwa kuitira kuti vharuvhu yegedhi ivharwe zvakasimba.

Mavharuvhu egedhiinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: wedge type uye parallel type, zvichibva pamaumbirwo akasiyana-siyana ema gate valves.

Gedhi rakaita sewedge revharuvhu regedhi rewedge rinovhara (rinovhara), richishandisa mukaha wakaita sewedge uri pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu, uyo unoumba kona yakachenuruka ine mutsetse wepakati wechiteshi. Zvinokwanisika kuti plate yewedge ive negondohwe rimwe kana maviri.

Kune mhando mbiri dzemavharuvhu egedhi akafanana: ane nzira yekuwedzera uye asina, uye nzvimbo dzawo dzekuvhara dzakamira pakati penzira uye dzakafanana. Makondohwe maviri ane nzira yekuparadzira aripo. Mawedge emakondohwe maviri akafanana anotambanudzwa pachigaro chevharuvhu achipesana negradient kuti avhare nzira yekuyerera kwemvura sezvo makondohwe achidzika. Mawedge nemagedhi zvinovhurwa kana makondohwe achisimuka. Wedge inotsigirwa neboss iri papuratifomu yegedhi, iyo inokwira kusvika pakukwirira kwakapihwa uye inoparadzanisa nzvimbo inoenderana yeplate. Gedhi regedhi remaviri risina nzira yekuwedzera rinoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwemvura kumanikidza gedhi kurwisa muviri wevharuvhu parutivi rwevharuvhu kuitira kuti mvura ivharwe painotsvedza ichipinda muchigaro chevharuvhu pamwe nenzvimbo mbiri dzechigaro dzakafanana.

Mavharuvhu egedhi akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: mavharuvhu egedhi rekusimudzira uye mavharuvhu egedhi rekusimudzira zvichibva pakufamba kunoita tsinde regedhi kana gedhi ravhurwa uye ravharwa. Kana vharuvhu regedhi rekusimudzira richivhurwa kana ravharwa, tsinde regedhi netsinde regedhi zvese zvinosimuka nekudonha panguva imwe chete. Kusiyana neizvi, kana vharuvhu regedhi rekusimudzira rakavharika kana ravharwa, tsinde regedhi rinongosimuka nekudonha uye tsinde regedhi rinongotenderera chete. Kubatsira kwevharuvhu regedhi rekusimudzira nderekuti kukwirira kwakagara kunogona kuderedzwa nepo kukwirira kwekuvhura kwechiteshi kuchigona kutsanangurwa nekukwira kwetsinde regedhi. Vhara vharuvhu nekutenderedza vhiri reruoko kana mubato uchienda kune rimwe divi uchitarisana naro.

Nheyo dzekusarudza mavharuvhu egedhi nemamiriro ezvinhu

Vharuvhu yegedhi yakaita seV

Mashandisirwo emavharuvhu egedhi reslab anosanganisira:

(1) Vharuvhu yegedhi yakati sandara ine maburi ekutsaudzira inoita kuti zvive nyore kuchenesa mapaipi anotakura gasi rechisikigo nemafuta.

(2) Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa nemapaipi.

(3) Midziyo yenzvimbo dzekuburitsa mafuta negasi.

(4) Masisitimu emapaipi akarembera azere nezvimedu.

(5) Pombi yekufambisa mafuta emuguta.

(6) Kugadzira mapaipi.

Nzira yekusarudza vharuvhu yegedhi reslab:

(1) Shandisa mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri eslab pamapaipi anotakura gasi rechisikigo nemafuta. Shandisa vharuvhu regedhi rimwe chete rine vharuvhu regedhi rakavhurika rakatsetseka kana kuchenesa pombi kuchidikanwa.

(2) Mavharuvhu egedhi rakatsetseka ane gondohwe rimwe chete kana gondohwe rakakamurwa kaviri risina maburi ekuchinjisa anosarudzwa kuti ashandiswe pamapaipi ekufambisa mafuta akacheneswa uye mumidziyo yekuchengetera.

(3) Mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri ane zvigaro zvinoyangarara zvine tsvimbo dzakavanzwa uye maburi ekutsausa anosarudzwa kuti ashandiswe pakuisa chiteshi chekuburitsa mafuta negasi rechisikigo.

(4) Mavharuvhu egedhi akaita sebanga anosarudzwa pamapaipi ane zvinhu zvakasungirirwa.

Shandisa mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri akapfava anokwira tsvimbo yakatsetseka yemagedhi emapaipi ekufambisa gasi muguta.

(6) Mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri ane tsvimbo dzakavhurika uye asina maburi ekutsausa anosarudzwa kuti ashandiswe pakuisa mvura yepombi.

vharuvhu yegedhi re wedge

Maitiro ekushandisa mavharuvhu egedhi re wedge: Vharuvhu yegedhi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Kazhinji, haigone kushandiswa kudzora kana kupwanya uye yakakodzera chete pakuvhura zvizere kana kuvhara zvizere.

Mavharuvhu egedhi reWedge anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro akaoma ekushanda uye dzisina zvirambidzo zvakasimba zvehukuru hwekunze kwevharuvhu. Semuenzaniso, zvikamu zvekuvhara zvinodiwa kuti zvirambe zvakavharika kwenguva refu kana nzvimbo yekushanda iri tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira.

Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi re wedge kana mamiriro ebasa achida kushanda kwakavimbika kwekuvhara, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kugurwa kwesimba repamusoro (musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa), kugurwa kwesimba repasi (musiyano mudiki wekumanikidzwa), ruzha rwakaderera, kuvhuvhuta uye kupiswa kwemhepo, tembiricha yepamusoro, tembiricha yepakati, kana tembiricha yakaderera (cryogenic). Maindasitiri mazhinji anoshandisa mainjiniya ekugadzirisa mvura netsvina, kusanganisira indasitiri yemagetsi, kunyungudutsa peturu, indasitiri yepetrochemical, oiri yekunze kwenyika, budiriro yemaguta, indasitiri yemakemikari, nezvimwewo.
Chinodiwa pakusarudza:

(1) Zvinodiwa pahunhu hwemavharuvhu. Mavharuvhu egedhi anosarudzwa kana paine kudzikamiswa kwekuyerera kwemvura, kugona kuyerera kwakawanda, hunhu hwakanaka hwekuyerera kwemvura, uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuvhara mvura.

(2) Chinhu chinoshandiswa nemhepo ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Sekupisa kwakanyanya, mafuta ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye utsi hwemhepo ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.

(3) Chinhu chinodzivirira kupisa (chinodziya zvishoma). Semuenzaniso hydrogen yemvura, okisijeni yemvura, ammonia yemvura, nezvimwe zvinhu.

(4) Dhayamita yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakaderera. zvakaita sekuchenesa tsvina uye mabasa emvura.

(5) Nzvimbo yekuisa: Sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi resimbi yakavigwa kana kukwirira kwekuisa kwacho kwakaganhurirwa; sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi resimbi yakavhurika kana isina.

(6) Mavharuvhu egedhi reWedge anoshanda chete kana achigona kuvhurwa zvizere kana kuvharwa zvizere; haagone kugadziriswa kana kudzorwa.

Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika uye Kugadzirisa

Matambudziko evharuvhu yegedhi yakajairika uye zvikonzero zvawo

Matambudziko anotevera anowanzo buda mushure mekunge vharuvhu yegedhi yashandiswa nekuda kwekushomeka kwekupisa kuri pakati nepakati, kumanikidzwa, ngura, uye kufamba kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobata.

(1) Kubuda kwemvura: Kubuda kwemvura kunze uye kubuda kwemukati ndiwo mapoka maviri aya. Kubuda kwemvura kunze izwi rekuti kubuda kwemvura kunze kwevharuvhu, uye kubuda kwemvura kunze kunowanzoonekwa mumabhokisi ekuputira uye ma flange connections.

Gland rekurongedza rakasununguka; pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu pakakwenywa; mhando kana mhando yehunhu hwekuputira haikwanirise zvinodiwa; hunde yacho yakwegura kana kuti hunde yevharuvhu yakakuvara.

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura pakubatanidza flange: kusakwana kwegasket kana saizi; kunaka kwekugadzirisa flange sealing surface; mabhaudhi ekubatanidza asina kusimba zvakanaka; mapaipi asina kurongwa zvakanaka; uye mutoro wakawandisa unowanikwa pakubatanidza.

Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu zvinosanganisira: Kubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu kunokonzerwa nekuvharika kwekuvhara kwevharuvhu kunokonzerwa nekukuvara kwenzvimbo yekuvharira yevharuvhu kana mudzi wakasununguka werin'i yekuvharira.

(1) Muviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti, tsinde revharuvhu, uye pamusoro pechisimbiso cheflange zvinowanzova zvinangwa zvekuora. Kushanda kwenzvimbo uye kuburitswa kwemaion kubva muzvizadza nemagasket ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera ngura.

(2) Kukwenya: Kukwenya kana kukwenya pamusoro pechinhu kunoitika kana chigaro chevharuvhu negedhi zvikafamba zvakabatana panguva imwe chete.

Kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu yegedhi

(1) Kugadzirisa kubuda kwevharuvhu yekunze

Kuti tsinga isatsvedzerere uye isasiya mukana wekuoma, mabhoti etsinga anofanira kuenzana asati adzvanya chivharo. Kuti dzisakanganisa kutenderera kwetsinga yevharuvhu, zvichiita kuti chivharo chikurumidze kupera, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa rekurongedza, tsinga yevharuvhu inofanira kutenderedzwa uku ichidzvanya chivharo kuti chivharo chakakomberedza chiite chakafanana uye kudzivirira kumanikidzwa kusanyanya kuoma. Pamusoro petsinga yevharuvhu inokweshwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti medium ibude. Usati washandisa, tsinga yevharuvhu inofanira kugadziriswa kubvisa mavanga kubva pamusoro payo.

Kana gasket yakakuvara, inofanira kutsiviwa. Kana chinhu chegasket chisina kusarudzwa zvakanaka, chinhu chinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa chinofanira kusarudzwa. Kana hunhu hwekugadzirisa pamusoro peflange sealing hwakaderera, pamusoro pacho panofanira kubviswa uye kugadziriswa. Kusvika pakakodzera, pamusoro peflange sealing unogadziriswazve.

Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbisa mabhaudhi eflange zvakakwana, kuvaka mapaipi kwakakodzera, uye kudzivirira kushushikana kwakanyanya pakubatanidza flange zvinobatsirawo mukudzivirira kubuda kwekubatanidza flange.

(2) Kugadzirisa vharuvhu yemukati inodonhedza mvura

Kana rin'i yekuvharira yakasungirirwa pavharuvhu kana pachigaro nekudzvanya kana kupinza shinda, kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemukati kunosanganisira kubvisa pamusoro pechivhariro chakakuvara pamwe nemudzi wakasununguka werin'i yekuvharira. Hapana dambudziko nemudzi wakasununguka kana kubuda kwemvura kana pamusoro pechivhariro pakagadziriswa pakarepo pamuviri wevharuvhu nevharuvhu.

Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadziriswa zvakananga pavharuvhu uye nzvimbo yekuvharira yakuvara zvakanyanya, nzvimbo yekuvharira yakuvara inofanira kutanga yabviswa. Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadzirwa nerin'i yekuvharira, rin'i yekare inofanira kubviswa uye rin'i itsva yekuvharira inofanira kupihwa. Rin'i itsva yekuvharira inofanira kubviswa, uye nzvimbo yekuvharira inofanira kukuyiwa kuita nzvimbo itsva yekuvharira. Kukuya kunogona kubvisa zvikanganiso panzvimbo yekuvharira iri pasi pe0.05mm muhukuru, kusanganisira kukwenya, mapundu, kupwanyika, maburi, nezvimwe zvikanganiso.

Mudzi werin'i yekuvharira ndipo panotangira kubuda kwemvura. Tepi yeTetrafluoroethylene kana pendi chena gobvu inofanira kushandiswa pachigaro chevharuvhu kana pasi pemugero werin'i yekuvharira kana yasimbiswa nekudzvanya. Kana rin'i yekuvharira yaiswa shinda, tepi yePTFE kana pendi chena gobvu inofanira kushandiswa pakati peshinda kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakati peshinda.

(3) Kugadzirisa mavharuvhu ane ngura

Hunde yevharuvhu inowanzo putirwa, asi muviri wevharuvhu nebhoneti zvinowanzo ngura zvakaenzana. Zvigadzirwa zvengura zvinofanirwa kubviswa zvisati zvagadziriswa. Kana hunde yevharuvhu ine makomba, inofanira kugadzirwa nelathe kubvisa kudzika kwevhuruvhu uye yozozadzwa nezvinhu zvinozobuda zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva. Neimwe nzira, chizadziro chinofanira kucheneswa nemvura yakacheneswa kuti chibvise chero chizadziro chinogona kukuvadza hunde yevharuvhu.

(4) Kubata maburi pamusoro pechisimbiso

Edza kudzivisa kukwenya pamusoro pechisimbiso paunenge uchishandisa vharuvhu, uye chenjerera kuti usaivhare nesimba rakawandisa. Kukwenya kunogona kubvisa mavanga pamusoro pechisimbiso.

Kuongorora mavharuvhu mana egedhi

Mavharuvhu esimbi anoumba chikamu chakakosha chemusika uye zvinodiwa nevashandisi mazuva ano. Unofanira kunge uine ruzivo rwekuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa pamwe nechigadzirwa chacho kuti uve nyanzvi yekuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa.

zvinhu zvekuongorora vharuvhu yegedhi resimbi

Zviratidzo, ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma, bvunzo dzekumanikidza, bvunzo dzemagoko, nezvimwewo ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha. Ukobvu hwemadziro, kumanikidzwa, uye bvunzo dzemagoko ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuongorora. Zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera zvinogona kuongororwa zvakananga kana paine zvinhu zvisina kukodzera.

Muchidimbu, zviri pachena kuti kuongororwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa ndiyo danho rakakosha kwazvo rekuongorora chigadzirwa chose. Nekunzwisisa zvakakwana zvinhu zvakaongororwa chete ndipo patinogona kuita basa rekuongorora riri nani. Sevashandi vekutarisa vari pamberi, zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichivandudza mhando yedu.