Mashoko ekutanga

1. Kushanda nesimba

Simba revharuvhu rinotsanangura kugona kwayo kutakura kumanikidzwa kwechinhu chacho.mavharuvhuzvinhu zvemakanika zvinomanikidzwa mukati, zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasimba uye zvakasimba zvakakwana kuti zvishandiswe kwenguva yakareba pasina kutyoka kana kukanganisika.

2. Kushanda kwekuvhara chisimbiso

Chiratidzo chehunyanzvi chakakosha kwazvo chevharuvhumashandiro ayo ekuvharira, izvo zvinoyera kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chekuvharira chevharuvhuinodzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakati nepakati.

Vharuvhu ine zvikamu zvitatu zvekuvhara: kubatana pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nebhoneti; kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara uye nzvimbo mbiri dzekuvhara dzechigaro chevharuvhu; uye nzvimbo inoenderana pakati pekurongedza nesimbi yevharuvhu nebhokisi rekuzadza. Yekutanga, inozivikanwa se internal trickle kana sleek close, inogona kukanganisa kugona kwemuchina kuderedza medium.

Kubuda kwemukati hakubvumirwi mumavharuvhu akachekwa. Kubuda kwemukati kwekupedzisira kunonzi kubuda kwekunze nekuti nzvimbo yacho inobuda kubva mukati mevharuvhu ichienda kunze kwevharuvhu mune izvi zviitiko. Kubuda kwemvura kunoitika pavari panze kunokonzera kurasikirwa nezvinhu, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye tsaona dzinogona kuitika.

Kubuda kwemvura hakugamuchirwi nezvinhu zvinobvira moto, zvinoputika, zvine chepfu, kana zvine mwaranzi, saka vharuvhu inofanira kushanda zvakanaka painovhara.
3. Pakati pekuyerera

Nekuti vharuvhu ine kuramba kwakati kuti kuyerera kwechinhu ichi, pachava nekurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa mushure mekunge chinhu ichi chapfuura nepakati pacho (kureva, musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pekumberi nekumashure kwevharuvhu). Chinhu ichi chinofanira kushandisa simba kuti chikurire kuramba kwevharuvhu.

Pakugadzira nekugadzira mavharuvhu, zvakakosha kuderedza kuramba kwevharuvhu kumvura inoyerera kuitira kuchengetedza simba.

4. Simba rekuvhura nekuvhara uye torque yekuvhura nekuvhara

Simba kana kuti torque inodiwa pakuvhura kana kuvhara vharuvhu inonzi torque yekuvhura nekuvhara uye simba, zvichiteerana.
Pakuvhara vharuvhu, simba rekuvhara rinofanira kushandiswa kuitira kuti pave nekumanikidzwa kwakanangana kwekuvhara pakati pezvikamu zvinovhura nezvinovhara nenzvimbo mbiri dzekuvhara dzechigaro, pamwe nekubatanidza mipata iri pakati pehunde yevharuvhu nepakeji, tambo dzehunde yevharuvhu nenati, uye rutsigiro rwuri kumagumo kwehunde yevharuvhu nesimba rekuputika kwezvimwe zvikamu zvekuputika.

Simba rinodiwa rekuvhura nekuvharira uye torque yekuvhura nekuvharira zvinoshanduka sezvo vharuvhu ichivhurika nekuvharika, ichisvika padanho rayo guru panguva yekupedzisira yekuvharika kana kuvhurwa. Edza kuderedza simba rekuvharira nekuvharira kwemavharuvhu paunenge uchigadzira nekuagadzira.

5. Kukurumidza kuvhura nekuvhara

Nguva inodiwa kuti vharuvhu iite kufamba kwekuvhura kana kuvhara inoshandiswa kumiririra kumhanya kwekuvhura nekuvhara. Kunyangwe paine mamwe mamiriro ekushanda ane zvinodiwa zvakananga zvekuvhura nekuvharika kwevharuvhu, kazhinji hapana miganhu chaiyo. Mamwe magonhi anofanira kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa nekukurumidza kudzivirira tsaona, nepo mamwe achifanira kuvharwa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzivirira mvura kupwanya, nezvimwewo. Pakusarudza rudzi rwevharuvhu, izvi zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo.

6. Kunzwisisa mashandiro uye kuvimbika

Izvi zvinoreva kuti vharuvhu inoshanda sei kana paine shanduko muhunhu hwechinhu chiri mukati memhepo. Kugona kwayo kushanda uye kuvimbika ndizvo zviratidzo zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi hwemavharuvhu anoshandiswa kushandura maparamita epakati, akadai semavharuvhu ekudzikisa kumanikidzwa, mavharuvhu ekuderedza kumanikidzwa, uye mavharuvhu anotonga, pamwe nemavharuvhu ane mabasa chaiwo, akadai semavharuvhu ekuchengetedza uye misungo yemhepo.

7. Hupenyu hwebasa

Inopa ruzivo rwehupenyu hwevharuvhu, inoshanda sechiratidzo chikuru chekushanda kwevharuvhu, uye inokosha zvikuru mune zvemari. Inogonawo kuratidzwa nenguva yairi kushandiswa. Inowanzo ratidzwa nehuwandu hwenguva dzekuvhura nekuvhara dzinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvekuvhara zvinodikanwa.

8. Rudzi

Kupatsanurwa kwevharuvhu zvichibva pakushanda kana hunhu hwakakosha hwechimiro

9. Muenzaniso

Huwandu hwemavharuvhu hunoenderana nerudzi, nzira yekutumira, rudzi rwekubatanidza, hunhu hwechimiro, zvinhu zvechisimbiso chechigaro chevharuvhu, kumanikidzwa kwemazita, nezvimwewo.

10. Hukuru hwekubatana
Zviyero zvekubatanidza vharuvhu uye pombi

11. Zviyero zvepakutanga (zvakajairika)

kukwirira kwekuvhura nekuvharira kwevharuvhu, dhayamita yevhiri reruoko, saizi yekubatanidza, nezvimwewo.

12. Rudzi rwekubatanidza

nzira dzakasiyana-siyana (kusanganisira welding, threading, uye flange connection)

13. Kuedza kwechisimbiso

bvunzo yekusimbisa kushanda kwesefa yemuviri wevharuvhu, zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara, uye zvese zviri zviviri.

14. Kuedza chisimbiso chekumashure

bvunzo yekusimbisa kugona kwevharuvhu stem nebhoneti sealing pair kuvhara.

15. Kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kwechisimbiso

kumanikidzwa kunodiwa kuti uedze kuvhara vharuvhu.

16. Nzira yakakodzera

Rudzi rwechinhu chinogona kushandiswa vharuvhu.

17. Tembiricha inoshanda (tembiricha yakakodzera)

Huremu hwekupisa hwechinhu chinoshandiswa nevharuvhu.

18. Chiso chinovhara

Zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara pamwe nechigaro chevharuvhu (muviri wevharuvhu) zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba, uye nzvimbo mbiri dzinobata dzinoita basa rekuvhara.

19. Zvikamu zvekuvhura nekuvhara (dhisiki)

izwi reboka rechinhu chinoshandiswa kumisa kana kudzora kufamba kwechinhu, senge gedhi riri muvharuvhu yegedhi kana dhisiki riri muvharuvhu yethrottle.

19. Kurongedza

Kuti udzivise chinhu chinobuda kubva pamudzi wevharuvhu, chiise mubhokisi rekuputira (kana bhokisi rekuputira).

21. Kurongedza zvigaro

chinhu chinobata chiputiriso uye chinochengetedza chisimbiso chacho.

22. Gland rekurongedza

zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kusimbisa paki nekudzvanya.

23. Chikochekedzo (joko)

Inoshandiswa kutsigira stem nut nezvimwe zvikamu zve transmission mechanism pabhoneti kana vharuvhu.

24. Saizi yenzira inobatanidza

kuyerwa kwemaumbirwo ejoini pakati pechikamu chevharuvhu nezvikamu zvinovhura nekuvhara.

25. Nzvimbo yekuyerera

inoshandiswa kuverenga kuchinjika kwedzidziso pasina kuramba uye inoreva nzvimbo diki diki (asi kwete nzvimbo ye "keteni") iri pakati pemugumo wekupinda kwevharuvhu nenzvimbo yekuvhara yechigaro chevharuvhu.

26. Dhayamita yekuyerera

inoenderana nedhayamita yenzvimbo yekumhanya.

27. Zvinhu zvinoumba kuyerera kwemvura

Hukama hwekushanda pakati pekumanikidzwa kwekubuda kwevharuvhu rinodzikisa kumanikidzwa uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura huripo mumamiriro ekuyerera kwakasimba, uko kumanikidzwa kwekupinda kwemvura nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogara zviripo.

28. Kutorwa kwehunhu hwekuyerera kwemvura

Kana mwero wekuyerera kwevharuvhu rinodzikisa kumanikidzwa ukachinja mumamiriro akatsiga, kumanikidzwa kwekubuda kunochinja kunyangwe kumanikidzwa kwekupinda uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoramba zvakafanana.

29. Vharuvhu yakajairika

Ivharuvhu rinoshandiswa kakawanda mumapaipi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri.

30. Vharuvhu inozvishandira yoga

vharuvhu yakazvimiririra inoenderana nekukwanisa kwechinhu chacho (mvura, mhepo, utsi, nezvimwewo) pachayo.