Vharuvhu yekubatsira kuchengetedza, inozivikanwawo sevharuvhu rekuchengetedza rinopfungaira, chishandiso chinobvisa kumanikidzwa otomatiki chinoshandiswa nekumanikidzwa kuri pakati nepakati. Chinogona kushandiswa sevharuvhu rekuchengetedza uye sevharuvhu rekubatsira zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwaro.

Tichitora Japan semuenzaniso, hapana tsananguro dzakajeka dzemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza uye mavharuvhu ekubatsira. Kazhinji, zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza zvinoshandiswa pamidziyo mikuru yekuchengetedza simba senge mabhoyira zvinonzi mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, uye izvo zvinoiswa pamapaipi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi mavharuvhu ekubatsira. Zvisinei, zvichienderana ne "Technical Standards for Thermal Power Generation" yeMinistry of International Trade and Industry yeJapan, zvikamu zvakakosha zvevimbiso yekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo zvinotsanangura kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, akadai semabhoyira, masuperheater, mareheater, nezvimwewo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo divi rezasi revharuvhu rekuderedza kumanikidzwa rinofanira kubatanidzwa kubhayira neturbine, vharuvhu rekubatsira kana vharuvhu rekuchengetedza rinofanira kuiswa. Nenzira iyi, vharuvhu rekuchengetedza rinoda kuvimbika kupfuura vharuvhu rekubatsira.

Pamusoro pezvo, kubva pamitemo yekutarisira gasi rine simba repamusoro yeBazi reVashandi reJapan, mitemo yeBazi reKutakura nemasangano ezvikepe pamatanho ese, kuzivikanwa nemitemo yehuwandu hwekubuda kwemhepo hwakachengeteka, tinodana vharuvhu rinovimbisa huwandu hwekubuda kwemhepo kuti vharuvhu yekuchengetedza, uye vharuvhu risingavimbise huwandu hwekubuda kwemhepo kuti vharuvhu yekurerutsira. MuChina, ingave yakavhurika zvizere kana kuti yakavhurika zvishoma, pamwe chete inonzi vharuvhu yekuchengetedza.

1. Pfupiso

Mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza mabhoyila, midziyo yekumanikidza uye mimwe midziyo yekumanikidza. Kuvimbika kwekushanda kwawo uye mhando yekushanda kwawo zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo nevashandi, uye zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, vamwe vashandisi nemadhipatimendi ekugadzira vanogara vachisarudza modhi isiriyo pakusarudza. Nekuda kweizvi, chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kusarudzwa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza.

2. Tsananguro

Mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anowanzo sanganisira mavharuvhu ekurerutsira. Kubva pamitemo yekutarisira, mavharuvhu akaiswa zvakananga pamabhoyira emhepo kana mhando yemidziyo yekumanikidza anofanirwa kubvumidzwa nedhipatimendi rekutarisira tekinoroji. Mupfungwa yakamanikana, anonzi mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza, uye mamwe anowanzo nzi mavharuvhu ekurerutsira. Mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza nemavharuvhu ekurerutsira akafanana zvakanyanya muchimiro uye mashandiro. Ose ari maviri anoburitsa otomatiki medium yemukati kana kudzvanywa kwekuvhura kwapfuura kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo yekugadzira. Nekuda kwekufanana uku kwakakosha, vanhu vanowanzo vhiringidza maviri aya pavanoashandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe michina yekugadzira inotaurawo kuti chero rudzi rupi zvarwo runogona kusarudzwa mumitemo. Naizvozvo, mutsauko uripo pakati pezviviri izvi unowanzo furatirwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, matambudziko mazhinji anomuka. Kana tichida kupa tsananguro yakajeka yezviviri izvi, tinogona kuzvinzwisisa zvichienderana netsananguro iri muchikamu chekutanga cheASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

(1)Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza, mudziyo wekubvisa kumanikidzwa otomatiki unofambiswa nekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwechinhu chiri pamberi pevharuvhu. Unoratidzwa nekuvhura kwakazara nekuvhurika kamwe kamwe. Unoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwegasi kana utsi.

(2)Vharuvhu yekubatsira, inozivikanwawo sevharuvhu rinopfungaira, mudziyo unobvisa kumanikidzwa otomatiki unoshandiswa nekumanikidzwa kusingachinji kwechinhu chiri pamberi pevharuvhu. Unovhurika zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kunopfuura simba rekuvhura. Unonyanya kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwemvura.